Countries: Austria
Austria is a country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. The area that is now Austria was settled in pre-Roman times by various Celtic tribes.
The Celts were a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia, identified by their use of Celtic languages and other cultural similarities.
Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west.
Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium, first as a frontier march of the Roman Empire.
The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation.
Judea is a mountainous region of the Levant traditionally dominated by the city of Jerusalem. Now part of Palestine and Israel, it was the name for the southern division of Palestine after the end of the kingdom of Judah (c. 586 BC).
The history of Judea may be said to begin when Cyrus, the first Persian emperor, gave the captive Hebrews permission to return to their native land to rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple.
Herod the Great who rebuilt the Temple, was king of all Palestine from 40 BC to 4 BC. His son Herod Archelaus ruled Palestine from 4 BC to 6 AD. He was deposed by the Romans, who then appointed a series of Roman governors who ruled Judea, Samaria, and Idumaea from 6 to 41 AD. The most familiar of these is Pontius Pilate (26-36 AD), under whom Jesus was crucified.
The Muslims took Judea in 637 AD and held it until it was made part of the British mandate of Palestine after World War I.
Judea was partitioned between Israel and the Hashemite kingdom of the Jordan in 1948 by the United Nations, after the 1947-1948 war between the Jews and the Arabs.
The Hashemite family belongs to the Dhawu Awn, one of the branches of the Ḥasanid Sharifs of Mecca. Their ancestor is traditionally considered to be Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
According to historians Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Hazm, in c. 968 AD Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Hasani came from Medina and conquered Mecca in the name of the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz, after the latter had conquered Egypt from the Ikhshidids.
Judea lost its independence to the Romans in the 1st century BC, becoming first a tributary kingdom, then a province, of the Roman Empire.
The province of Judea, during early Roman Empire was divided into five conclaves: Jerusalem, Gadara, Amathus, Jericho, and Sepphoris, and during the Roman period had eleven administrative districts (toparchies): Jerusalem, Gophna, Akrabatta, Thamna, Lod, Emmaus, Pella, Idumaea, Ein Gedi, Herodeion, and Jericho.
After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I (1914-1918), a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Central Powers.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Austrian royal family and heir presumptive to the Austrian throne, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Young Bosnia movement connected to the Black Hand secret society.
The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary’s South Slav provinces so they could be combined into Yugoslavia.
The Arab Revolt (c. 1936-1939) were Arab tribes who fought against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
Many of the Arab Revolt wanted to create a unified country for Arabs.
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About the Author: Lawrence Jean-Louis is the founder of eBrand Me, a digital marketing agency offering marketing & consultative services to CPAs and tax professionals. She aspires to start a money management firm by 2030.