How does UV light disinfect the water?

How does UV light disinfect the water?

UV light disinfects water by exposing it to ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation, which effectively inactivates harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. This process is highly efficient, chemical-free, and leaves no residual byproducts. Here’s how it works:

Mechanism of UV Water Disinfection:

  1. Water Flow Through UV Reactor: Water passes through a UV disinfection system, typically consisting of a chamber with UV-C lamps enclosed in a quartz sleeve to protect the lamp and allow UV rays to penetrate the water.
  2. Exposure to UV-C Radiation: As water flows around the UV-C lamp, microorganisms in the water are exposed to ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. This wavelength is particularly effective in damaging microbial DNA and RNA.
  3. DNA/RNA Disruption: UV-C light causes photochemical reactions in the genetic material of microorganisms, leading to the formation of thymine dimers (DNA) or uracil dimers (RNA). These alterations prevent the microorganisms from replicating and performing vital cellular functions.
  4. Inactivation of Microorganisms: Once their genetic material is disrupted, the microorganisms are effectively inactivated and unable to cause infections or reproduce, making the water safe to use.

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