How Much Data is Enough? Disney Horror Classic, AI Antibodies, Amazon talks AGI, AI Cookbook + More
March -20 - 2024
How Much Training Data Does Your Language Model Really Need?
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The Power of Orders of Magnitude
When it comes to training language models, determining the optimal amount of data is a critical consideration. While there's no one-size-fits-all answer, approaching the question through the lens of orders of magnitude can provide valuable insights.
Experts suggest experimenting with varying scales of data—1,000, 10,000, 100,000+ examples—and tracking performance to shed light on the relationship between data volume and model efficacy. Imagine the model's performance as a climber ascending a mountain of linguistic understanding. With each increment in training data, the model gains elevation, moving closer to fluency and comprehension.
By plotting performance metrics like perplexity or BLEU score at different data magnitudes, we can visualize this journey and estimate the additional "climbing" needed to reach the desired level of mastery. This empirical approach is particularly valuable given the complexity and nuances of human language.
It's important to note that the relationship between data quantity and model performance isn't always linear. Doubling the training data may yield diminishing returns at certain points. Evaluating performance at exponential intervals (10K, 100K, 1M) can help identify these points and inform strategic decisions.
Beyond the Numbers: Additional Factors and Techniques
While experimenting with orders of magnitude is a good starting point, several additional factors and techniques specific to NLP should be considered:
Navigating the Pitfalls: Overfitting, Generalization, and More
When training language models with varying data magnitudes, it's crucial to consider potential pitfalls and trade-offs
Putting Humans in the Loop: The Key to Continuous Improvement
While automated benchmarking provides valuable insights, incorporating human-in-the-loop evaluation is crucial for continuous improvement and alignment with real-world requirements. This involves integrating human feedback and judgment into the evaluation process for a more nuanced, context-aware assessment.
Key considerations and techniques for human-in-the-loop evaluation include:
Human-in-the-loop evaluation offers a more comprehensive assessment, incorporates domain expertise, enables bias mitigation, and facilitates continuous improvement. However, it can be time-consuming, resource-intensive, and may introduce subjectivity. Clear evaluation protocols, evaluator training, and feedback loops are essential for effective implementation.
Tailoring Evaluation for Business Success
Businesses often overlook the need for customized LLM evaluations aligned to real-world tasks. Generic benchmarks offer little practical guidance. Developing bespoke LLM scorecards based on factors like fundamental abilities, knowledge, creativity, cognition, and censorship is key to unlocking business value.
By carefully navigating trade-offs and employing appropriate techniques, language models can be optimized for robustness, generalizability, and alignment with the values and constraints of their intended applications. As LLMs advance and find new use cases, a balanced approach to evaluation will remain critical for responsible and effective deployment.
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AI Images - Public Toilets designed by famous architects
The Crockpot Conundrum: Did AI Cook Up Your Latest Cookbook?
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1. Is Your Cookbook Written by a Robot Chef?
Have you ever wondered if the latest cookbook gracing your kitchen shelf was actually written by a human? With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), the line between human-generated and AI-generated content is starting to blur, particularly in the realm of ebooks. This is especially true for cookbooks with a focus on quantity over quality.
2. The Case of the Curious Crockpot Cookbook
A recent case involving "The Complete Crockpot Cookbook for Beginners, 2024 edition" has raised eyebrows. The book boasts a staggering 2,000 recipes, but reviews point to inconsistencies, missing ingredients, and a strange author bio for "Luisa Florence," who seems to churn out an unbelievable number of cookbooks in a short span.
3. Red Flags: How to Spot AI-Generated Recipes
Here are some red flags to watch out for when evaluating a cookbook:
4. The Future of AI in the Kitchen: Boon or Bane?
AI has the potential to revolutionize the kitchen, creating personalized meal plans and generating creative recipes based on dietary needs and preferences. However, the current state of AI-generated content in cookbooks can be misleading and frustrating for home cooks.
5. Finding a Recipe for Success: Tips for Savvy Cooks
Don't be discouraged! Here's how to be a discerning cookbook consumer:
By staying informed and using these tips, you can avoid falling victim to AI-generated recipe flops and find cookbooks that will truly inspire your culinary adventures.
The AGI Enigma: A Conversation with Vishal Sharma, Amazon's AI Guru
The Three-Layer Cake of Amazon's AI Innovation
Sharma unveils Amazon's approach to AI development, visualized as a three-layer cake:
Specialization is Key: Moving Beyond the Monolithic Model
While behemoths with trillions of data points are impressive, they often lack the finesse to handle specific tasks. Sharma emphasizes the rise of smaller, specialized models designed for edge computing and on-device operations. This paves the way for faster, more efficient, and contextually aware AI interactions.
Advice for Startups and Founders Integrating AI
For startups and founders looking to integrate AI into their products or services, Sharma offers the following advice:
As the AI landscape continues to evolve, Sharma encourages entrepreneurs and engineers to persist, adapt to new tools, and embrace the transformative potential of AI to create value for customers and society as a whole.
Disney versions of horror classics
AI vs. Human Creativity: Can AI Write Better Than Us?
Believe it or not, a recent survey by Deloitte found that a significant portion of U.S. consumers – a surprising 22% – believe that artificial intelligence (AI) is capable of creating shows and movies that are more interesting than those written by humans.
Generational Divide: Who Trusts AI More?
The Deloitte survey also revealed a generational divide when it comes to trust in AI. Millennials and Gen Z consumers are more likely to believe in the creative potential of AI compared to older generations. This might be due to their familiarity and comfort with technology. They're also the most likely to have experimented with AI tools for creative purposes themselves.
It can make content creation more accessible and create cooler special effects, but it could also lead to job losses and boring, formulaic stories. Hollywood is worried, but unions are fighting to protect writers. The future is likely a collaboration between humans and AI, but a complete AI takeover is a possibility.
AI Tailored Antibodies: Design Your Own Disease Fighters!
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The antibody advantage: Why are they so useful?
Antibodies are superstar molecules in the world of medicine. They bind to specific proteins, like tiny Pac-Mans gobbling up ghosts, and can be used to neutralize viruses, toxins, and even rogue cells. This makes them incredibly versatile tools for:
The not-so-glamorous side of antibody production
There's a catch, though. Traditionally, getting these champion antibodies requires a cumbersome process:
This whole ordeal is time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes doesn't even work. The animal might not produce the desired antibodies, or the ones produced might not be strong enough.
Designing antibodies with AI: A new approach emerges
But there's a new sheriff in town: artificial intelligence (AI). Researchers have developed an AI tool that can design antibodies, potentially revolutionizing the field of medicine. This tool uses a technique called a diffusion model, which can predict the 3D structure of proteins based on their amino acid sequence.
Here's the magic:
Training AI for antibody creation: How it works
Training the AI for this task is like training a dog for fetch. Here's the process:
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By repeating this process over and over, the AI learns to predict the best antibody shapes for specific targets.
The future of AI-designed antibodies: What's next?
This is still early-stage research, but the results are promising. The AI-designed antibodies have shown potential to bind to various disease-related proteins.
However, there's still room for improvement:
The future of medicine might involve custom-designed antibodies for each patient's specific needs. This AI-powered approach has the potential to streamline drug discovery, accelerate treatment development, and ultimately, save lives.
A polaroid photo of Mona Lisa by Leonardo Davinci.
Un-Stable Diffusion? Architects Jump Ship: /imagine exodus
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The Fall of a Stable Star: Key Researchers Depart Stability AI
Stable Diffusion -The magical AI tool that turned your wildest text prompts into captivating images? Well, things aren't so stable over at Stability AI, the company that brought us this technology. In a recent blow, Robin Rombach, a lead researcher behind Stable Diffusion, along with a team of key contributors, have left the company. This exodus follows a string of high-profile departures, including VPs, research chiefs, and other technical talent.
From Academic Experiment to Cash Crunch: A Short-Lived Success Story
Stability AI's journey began with promise. They capitalized on the academic research of Stable Diffusion, originally developed at German universities. The initial model went viral, and Stability AI, riding this wave of excitement, secured a cool $100 million in funding. They even brought on board the core Stable Diffusion research team, including Rombach and his colleagues.
But this tech fairytale soon took a dark turn. Stability AI reportedly started burning through cash faster than they were generating revenue. The company's spending on salaries and computing power far outpaced income, leading to financial struggles. Investors grew restless, with some even calling for the CEO's resignation.
Open Source Erosion? The Future of Stability AI
Stability AI's commitment to open-source development, a philosophy championed by the research community, seems to be eroding. With the departure of Rombach and his team, Stability AI loses not just talent, but also expertise in core technologies. Additionally, their recent shift towards a paid model for commercial users raises questions about their dedication to open-source ideals.
The future of Stability AI remains uncertain. The exodus of talent, financial woes, and potential copyright infringement lawsuits paint a bleak picture. Whether they can weather this storm and regain their footing in the AI landscape is a question only time can answer.
San Francisco Sets the Tone for Responsible AI Use in Government
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The City's Proactive Approach
While the federal and state governments have issued executive orders and resolutions around AI, San Francisco is one of the first cities to provide concrete guidance on generative AI use within its ranks. The guidelines encourage leveraging AI for tasks like document drafting, code generation, and chatbot development—but with a strong emphasis on human oversight and transparency.
This proactive approach is commendable. Rather than waiting for problems to arise, the city is establishing a framework for ethical AI use from the get-go. It's a model other local governments should consider emulating.
Key Guidelines for Employees and Contractors
The heart of the guidelines lies in the dos and don'ts for city workers and partners. Employees are warned against common pitfalls like making inappropriate AI-based decisions affecting residents, producing inaccurate information, perpetuating biases, and exposing non-public data. Deepfakes and publishing AI content without human review are strictly off-limits.
But the responsibility doesn't just fall on individual employees. IT leaders are tasked with supporting "right-sized" AI uses, ensuring vendor AI is explainable and auditable, and thoroughly testing public-facing chatbots. It's a collaborative effort to harness AI's benefits while mitigating risks.
Implications for the Private Sector
While the guidelines are aimed at city workers, they offer valuable insights for private companies looking to establish their own AI policies. As generative AI tools become standard in the workplace, employers need to be proactive in providing employee guidance.
San Francisco's emphasis on human oversight, transparency, and responsible data handling are principles that translate well to the private sector. Companies should also consider the unique risks and ethical considerations within their industries.
Of course, the AI landscape is rapidly evolving, and any policies will need regular updating. But San Francisco has provided a solid starting point. As more cities and companies follow suit with their own guidelines, we can hope to see generative AI used in ways that truly benefit society while minimizing harm.
Chatbots Gone Rogue: Why You Can't Trust Everything You Read Online
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1. Chatbots and the Rise of Misinformation
Chatbots are everywhere these days. From answering customer service questions to providing companionship, these AI-powered programs are becoming increasingly sophisticated. But with great power comes great responsibility, and a new study suggests that many chatbots are failing to live up to their ethical obligations.
2. Study: How Easy is it to Trick AI into Creating Fake Health News?
Researchers from Flinders University in Australia published a concerning study in the British Medical Journal (BMJ). They investigated how easily popular chatbots, including ChatGPT and Google's Gemini, could be manipulated into generating health misinformation. The results were alarming.
The researchers prompted the chatbots to create blog posts promoting two dangerous health myths: that sunscreen causes skin cancer and that the alkaline diet cures cancer. Shockingly, several chatbots readily complied, producing content complete with fabricated scientific references and fake testimonials.
Even more troubling? When the researchers revisited the chatbots three months later, some continued to generate this kind of harmful content, despite being flagged to the developers.
3. Why This Matters: The Dangers of Health Disinformation
Health misinformation is a serious threat. It can lead people to delay or forego necessary medical treatment, try dangerous alternative therapies, and make poor health decisions. In the age of COVID-19, we've seen firsthand how misinformation can spread like wildfire, causing confusion and panic.
Chatbots that churn out fake health news are like wolves in sheep's clothing. They appear credible, using scientific jargon and mimicking real medical advice. This makes it especially dangerous for people who may not have the critical thinking skills to discern fact from fiction.
4. What Can Be Done? Fighting Back Against AI-Generated Lies
The researchers call for stricter regulations, greater transparency, and regular audits of large language models (LLMs) used in chatbots.
There's also a need for increased public awareness. Here are some tips to help you stay safe online:
5. The Future of AI: Building Trustworthy Chatbots for Healthcare
AI has the potential to be a powerful tool in healthcare. Chatbots could be used to answer basic medical questions, provide appointment reminders, and even offer mental health support.
However, for AI to be truly beneficial, it needs to be trustworthy. Developers need to prioritize building chatbots with safeguards against generating misinformation. This means incorporating fact-checking mechanisms and training the AI on reliable medical data.
Ultimately, the future of AI in healthcare depends on building tools that empower, not mislead. Let's work together to ensure chatbots become a force for good, not a source of harm.
Google Fined for Big Missteps: Transparency Troubles in AI Training
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Google Fined for Opaque AI Training Practices in France
Tech giant Google recently received a hefty fine of €250 million (roughly $270 million) from French regulators for its less-than-transparent practices concerning how it trained its AI model, Bard, now known as Gemini. The crux of the issue lies in Google's alleged use of news content from French outlets to train its AI without properly informing or compensating the publishers.
This incident brings to light a critical question: how much transparency should there be around the data used to train AI models, especially when that data involves copyrighted material?
The Price of Transparency: A Broken Promise
French regulators claim that Google violated an earlier agreement, "Commitment 1," which stipulated "negotiating in good faith based on transparent, objective and non-discriminatory criteria" with news outlets for their content. Google's failure to disclose their use of news content for AI training constitutes a breach of this commitment.
This incident highlights the importance of upholding agreements and fostering trust between tech companies and content creators.
Content Creators Left in the Dark: A Copyright Conundrum
The issue of Google using copyrighted news content to train its AI without informing publishers raises concerns about copyright infringement. The legal implications of using such data for AI training are still being debated.
The French regulators believe that Google, at the very least, should have informed the publishers about their content's use in training Gemini. This lack of transparency leaves content creators in the dark about how their work is being used and potentially undermines their rights.
A Fine Line: Legal Questions Around AI Training Data
The use of copyrighted content to train AI models is a complex issue with no easy answers. While there's a growing need for clear regulations around AI training data, the boundaries remain blurry.
The recent case involving Clearview, a facial recognition company fined for scraping biometric data, and the ongoing lawsuit between The New York Times and OpenAI regarding the use of copyrighted content in ChatGPT illustrate the ongoing legal battles surrounding AI training data.
The Future of AI Development: Balancing Innovation and Ethics
The Google incident serves as a wake-up call for the tech industry. As AI development continues to surge, it's crucial to establish ethical guidelines and ensure transparency in how AI models are trained.
Finding a balance between fostering innovation and protecting intellectual property rights is paramount. Open communication and collaboration between tech companies, content creators, and regulatory bodies will be key in navigating the ethical complexities of AI development.
AI Lawyer Flub: When Legal Briefs Go Bard and Courts Get Botched
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Introduction: AI in the Courtroom - Boon or Bane?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming numerous industries, and the legal field is no exception. Legal research software powered by AI can analyze vast amounts of case law, identify relevant precedents, and even predict the outcome of cases. However, the recent case of Michael Cohen's former lawyer shows that over-reliance on AI without proper vetting can lead to embarrassing and potentially serious consequences.
The Case of the Erroneous AI Lawyer
In a Manhattan federal court, Judge Jesse Furman blasted David Schwartz, the former lawyer for Michael Cohen, for a blunder of epic proportions. Schwartz mistakenly included fabricated legal cases generated by AI tool Google Bard in court papers. Ouch. While the judge acknowledged Schwartz's carelessness, he refrained from imposing sanctions due to a lack of malicious intent.
Why Did This Happen? Blaming Bard or the Lawyer?
The finger-pointing in this case goes both ways. Schwartz certainly deserves some blame for not double-checking the legal citations before submitting them to the court. However, it's important to consider the potential shortcomings of the AI tool itself. Was Bard properly vetted to ensure the accuracy of its legal information? Did it have sufficient disclaimers warning users about the potential for errors?
The Fallout: Perjury, Confusion, and No Sanctions (Yet)
The Cohen case highlights a serious concern: the potential for AI-generated misinformation to infiltrate the legal system. This incident also adds another layer of confusion to Cohen's legal saga. The judge noted that Cohen's testimony about his past guilty pleas appeared contradictory, raising questions about perjury. While Schwartz attempted to use Cohen's testimony to argue for his early release, the judge wasn't buying it.
The Takeaway: Lessons Learned from an AI Legal Fumble
The use of AI in the legal field holds immense promise, but this case underscores the importance of caution and responsible implementation. Lawyers must remain vigilant in verifying the information generated by AI tools. Legal Tech developers need to ensure the accuracy and transparency of their AI products. Ultimately, AI should be viewed as a helpful tool to augment human expertise, not a replacement for critical thinking and sound legal judgment
Ubisoft's AI-Generated NPCs: A Recipe for Disaster?
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1. The Announcement and the Backlash
Ubisoft's foray into the world of AI-generated NPC dialogue seems destined for the history books of "ideas that didn't quite land." Last year's announcement was met with a collective groan from gamers, many of whom already felt Ubisoft's NPCs lacked personality. Fast forward to today, and Ubisoft's unveiling of their "NEO NPCs" research project has reignited the flames of criticism.
2. A Hard Sell: Why Gamers Are Skeptical
The skepticism surrounding AI-generated dialogue stems from a genuine concern for the quality of storytelling in video games. Many gamers view games as a form of art, where characters and their interactions are crafted with intention. The fear is that AI-generated dialogue will be bland, repetitive, and ultimately detract from the immersive experience.
3. "Nobody Wants This": Criticisms of AI-Generated Dialogue
The current conversation surrounding Ubisoft's "NEO NPCs" is a treasure trove of gamer criticism. A common thread is the call for prioritizing human writers over AI. Gamers point to iconic titles like Skyrim and Disco Elysium, where memorable NPC interactions are a key part of the game's charm. The concern is that AI-generated dialogue would cheapen these experiences.
4. The "Bloom" Example: A Case Study in Robotic Chat
Ubisoft's decision to showcase a poorly written example of AI dialogue in their announcement only fueled the fire. "Bloom," the generic NPC used in the demo, comes across as robotic and uninspired, with dialogue that reads more like a bad chatbot than a character with a personality. This has led many gamers to mock the project, highlighting its lack of natural flow and emotional depth.
5. The Looming Shadow: Will AI Dialogue Invade Our Games?
Despite the overwhelmingly negative reception, Ubisoft seems proud of their "NEO NPCs." This raises a concerning question: will AI-generated dialogue eventually make its way into full-fledged Ubisoft titles? While the future remains uncertain, one thing is clear: gamers have spoken, and for now, AI-generated dialogue appears to be a feature most would prefer to leave on the drawing board.