McKinsey And SWIFT Research Prediction on Cross-Border Payments

McKinsey And SWIFT Research Prediction on Cross-Border Payments

Forecasted Shift: McKinsey & SWIFT predict a change in cross-border payments

  1. Customer's Say: Customers take the lead in defining future services.
  2. Fragmented yet Integrated: The value chain remains fragmented but integrates seamlessly.
  3. Elusive Global Payment: Challenges in achieving a unified global payment system.
  4. Addressing Fragmented Standards: Emphasizing connections between diverse payment methods.
  5. Enhancing Efficiency: Making international payments as efficient as domestic ones.
  6. Liquidity Matters: Banks' role in providing liquidity for significant payments.
  7. Regulatory Challenges: Struggling to level the playing field for banks and non-banks.

Future of Cross-Border Payments

  • Cross-border payments - 1/6 (16.67%) of the total transactions
  • Global Revenue generation - $200 billion 
  • Revenue even splits between transaction fees and foreign exchange (FX) earnings.
  • Cross-border payments - 27% of global transaction revenues.
  • Annual growth rate i- 6%.

Cross-border payments are crucial for global trade, with banks dominating this market due to their networks, regulatory adherence, and financial strength. Their substantial earnings, around $200 billion worldwide, come from fees (processing charges) and foreign exchange gains. These payments constitute 16.67% of global transaction values but contribute 27% of total transaction revenue, growing at 6% annually. McKinsey and SWIFT's research explores trends like emerging tech (DLT) and new players, considering regulatory shifts, international commerce, and changing customer expectations.

The article attempts to highlight the findings of McKinsey and SWIFT research prediction on Cross-Border Payments in the evolving landscape of global cross-border payments taking into account various trends and challenges shaping the industry. The research emphasizes the impact of emerging technologies such as distributed ledger technology (DLT) and the influence of new entrants. Furthermore, it addresses the changing regulatory environment, increasing international commerce, and evolving customer expectations.

Discussion Details

Current Scenario: Trends and Challenges

New players like TransferWise, Alibaba, and Amazon are increasing competitive pressure on established payment industry players, impacting segments like B2B and remittances. Despite healthy revenue per cross-border transaction, evidence shows changing dynamics and mounting pressure throughout the value chain. The industry must strategically plan for the future considering rising investment requirements and compliance challenges.

Snapshot:  

  • New entrants intensify competitive pressure on established players.
  • B2B and remittance segments are particularly affected.
  • The industry needs to strategically plan for the future amid investment and compliance challenges.

 

Envisioning the Future: Radical Transformations

We envision radical transformations in the future of international payments, moving beyond short-term changes. Customer demands will drive technology adoption, resulting in new partnerships and economic models that reshape service provider expectations. While this vision may not materialize immediately, we identify eight evidence-supported longer-term trends indicating the market's clear direction, creating a new future for the cross-border payment sector, even if exact predictions may vary.

Snapshot:

  • Customer demand pushes for technology adoption.
  • Eight longer-term trends are identified as evidence-supported directions for the market.

Emerging Trends: Key Drivers of Change

The cross-border payment industry faces a pivotal moment, with emerging trends reshaping its landscape. Technology, regulations, customer preferences, and new entrants drive change, requiring strategic preparation from industry players. By embracing forward-thinking approaches, stakeholders can navigate the transformative journey and succeed in this redefined sector.

Snapshot:

Industry players must prepare for transformative changes.

Technology, regulations, customer preferences, and new entrants drive this change.

Shifting Customer Demands: Catalyst for Technological Advancements

Customer demands drive technology-based advancements in cross-border payments. Today's consumers seek seamless, fast, and secure payment experiences, prompting payment service providers to embrace innovation, explore DLT, and integrate new payment methods to meet expectations.

Snapshot:

  • Customer expectations push for innovative solutions and DLT integration.

New Players on the Scene: Competitive Pressure from Entrants

TransferWise, Alibaba, and Amazon are shaking up the traditional cross-border payment landscape. These agile and tech-savvy newcomers challenge established players with user-friendly platforms, competitive fees, and efficient solutions. Incumbents must innovate to stay relevant and maintain their market share amid growing competition.

  • Agile and tech-savvy entrants challenge established players with user-friendly platforms and competitive fees.

Compliance Challenges and Investment Needs

In the evolving cross-border payment industry, complex compliance challenges and rising investment requirements emerge. Constantly evolving regulatory frameworks demand businesses to keep up with the latest rules and standards. Meeting customer expectations necessitates investments in technology, security, and infrastructure to stay competitive.

  • Evolving regulatory frameworks require constant vigilance.
  • Investments in technology, security, and infrastructure become crucial for competitiveness.

Strategic Preparation for the Transformed Sector

The success of the global cross-border payment sector depends on how industry stakeholders adapt to emerging trends. Strategic preparation is crucial to stay competitive. Embracing technology, understanding customer demands, and addressing compliance challenges can lead businesses to success in the evolving cross-border payment landscape.

  • Stakeholders must adapt and innovate to stay ahead in the competitive market.
  • Embracing technology and understanding customer demands are key to success.

Aspects of international cross-border payments and the way they are evolving in today's global economy. 

1. Increased Cross-Border Payments: Global GDP growth and trade are driving an increase in international payments. Despite challenges like geopolitical risks and compliance issues, cross-border transactions continue to grow. The growth rate is expected to slow down, but business transactions are still the most significant category.

2. Factors Driving Growth: The growth in international payments is influenced by factors like retail remittances, global e-commerce, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and globalizing corporate payments. These factors are shaping the future of international payment services.

3. Customer-Centric Approach: The focus is shifting from traditional providers to meeting customer needs. Customers want seamless and transparent experiences, and businesses need easier access to global payments.

4. Unified Experience Amidst Fragmentation: Despite the diverse payment options available, the goal is to provide customers with a fully integrated payment experience. Various payment rails will appear similar to users, making the process seamless.

5. Single Global Payment Area: Creating a unified global payment area is challenging due to differing regulations and market conditions. Regional payment schemes are currently more feasible, but efforts to achieve a global standard continue.

6. Addressing Fragmentation: As payment methods become more diverse, solutions will focus on ensuring secure and seamless interoperability across various payment systems and technologies.

7. Declining Transaction Costs: The cost of international payments is decreasing, making smaller transactions potentially profitable. To maintain profitability, providers may focus on niche services.

8. Importance of Liquidity: Banks have an advantage in managing significant payment flows due to their ability to handle large sums of money across currencies. This makes interbank networks essential for smooth global transactions.

9. Regulatory Challenges: Regulatory compliance is a concern for both banks and non-bank entities. Banks face higher compliance costs, while new players enjoy lighter regulations, but this is expected to change over time.

The above details highlight the growing importance of international cross-border payments and how businesses and service providers are adapting to meet customer needs in a rapidly changing global landscape. It also emphasizes the challenges and opportunities in providing efficient and secure payment solutions.

Seizing the Opportunity

Soon, international payments will become routine not only for large corporations but also for retailers, SMEs, and individuals. They will access solutions through integrated commerce or trade interfaces. Regional businesses will experience seamless execution, with added services like FX quotes or hedging generating extra revenue alongside affordable basic services.

While an immediate Single Global Payment Area is uncertain, parties should still achieve payments globally, regardless of diverse standards and infrastructures. Consumer behavior will strongly influence business payments, akin to Apple's impact on domestic payments and digitalization.

Amid pricing pressures, new players, and back-office transformation needs, banks will persist in their crucial role in cross-border payments and could even thrive amidst ongoing changes.

Understand future revenue models:

By 2025, cross-border payment costs will significantly decrease, following trends seen in telecom "roaming" and other sectors. During 1995-2005, efficiency improved by 40-60%. VoIP reduced charges for large clients, leading carriers to adapt and explore new income sources. Similarly, music revenues dropped to $5 billion in 2017, then rose to $17.3 billion post-2014 with subscriptions and streaming. For cross-border payments, a shift from fees to growth-focused strategies is essential. Providers should consider alternative revenue approaches for profitability, as seen in the telecom and music industries.

  • Providing payment services to third parties, especially when private and small-to-medium enterprise (SME) customers participate in ecosystems that generate revenues through cross-offerings or data utilization. Services capable of utilizing data to gain insights into consumer and corporate purchasing behavior, coupled with additional data, can enhance customer services and unlock opportunities to extract value through data monetization.
  • Concentrating on and expanding service offerings. Physical transfer organisations, for instance, could decide to develop an ethnic focus, backing international subsidiaries that cater to out-of-region employees and their families. This model can be integrated with other bank offerings, such as trade or structured finance, to insulate providers to some extent from downward price pressures by expanding value-added services.
  • Emphasizing niche pricing, as the payments world's revenues are disproportionately concentrated in areas where the greatest value is generated or where the least efficient transactions occur. These niches could be in challenging trade corridors or industries where payments are crucial for the very existence of the business, like online products such as digital content or gambling. High-value specialists are likely to dominate these niches rather than mainstream providers.
  • Pricing based on relationships and data. In a data-driven economy, access to payment information becomes crucial for banks and providers to retain access to account or wallet information rather than prioritizing higher profit margins through payment fees. Payments providers are well-positioned to seize emerging data monetization opportunities when compared to banks, telecom companies, retailers, and digital firms.
  • Considering the adoption of a 1-to-1 pricing strategy, which requires a deep understanding of client elasticity and needs, leveraging the abundant data at banks' disposal to tailor highly specific value-based price points. The key concern for cross-border providers is whether the market will develop similarly to SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area), even though core revenues may drop, and whether businesses can effectively price niche services, value-added services, or ecosystem offers. It's unlikely that all successful businesses will be established names.

Revisit client propositions:

Companies that directly engage with customers must navigate increasing standardization and ever-changing customer demands. Customer expectations will be influenced by state-of-the-art digital domestic developments and niche players. Although a large-scale international payments infrastructure is unlikely to be provided by DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) in the near future, as consumers and businesses become more familiar with these products, a low pricing expectation may develop. Prices may consequently drop to marginal cost levels very quickly.

However, banks and payments specialists still hold the majority of customer relationships and can defend them by proposing ambitious solutions, such as: 

Streamlined International Payments with Low Costs

The international payments infrastructure allows for quick and predictable transactions similar to domestic payments. The operational costs for each transaction are nearly $1, ensuring affordability. Additionally, the system offers transparent and predictable pricing with minimal exception fees.

Payment Corridors & Convenient Purchases in Emerging Markets

The attention is on the fast-expanding payment pathways, mainly concentrated in the southern regions. The emphasis is on user-friendly purchasing features, similar to Amazon's "one-click" option, that offer a wide range of pay-in/pay-out choices, including cryptocurrencies. Additionally, these features support various use cases, catering to preferences for cash-on-delivery models in emerging markets like Russia and India.

 

Secure & Reliable Distributed Ledger Service.

An automated control system (like taxation or AML) that coordinates various tax laws and handles regulatory implications for both buyers and sellers would provide a service as secure and dependable as the dedication of distributed ledger technology, coupled with convenient compliance, and would foster unmatched confidence in security measures.

Adaptable and Versatile Payments

Payments can be as flexible as cash but offer greater versatility, giving clients control, visibility, and traceability during transactions, including recoverability and the use of smart data. These services will become part of daily life, starting with niche segments like retail, remittances, and select SMEs. Remittances have already experienced disruption, moving from cash collection to digital interfaces. New firms like Worldremit and Azimo have emerged, changing the competitive landscape. One suggestion from the interviews was that That the banks need to address the failure of connecting smaller emerging market to international financial network and leveraging their systems.

Closing the Gap: Enhancing Cross-Border Payments

Due to potential price erosion, global payment systems must narrow a cost gap of more than 90% versus domestic systems. Key inefficiencies encompass misaligned back-office operations, interbank claims, pricing management expenses, and fraud/AML oversight. Cross-border payment expenses tied to FX, network management, and compliance also contribute, though to a lesser extent. Although liquidity trapped in the nostro-vostro network can be expensive, its effects are less severe in areas with low interest rates. Furthermore, scale plays a vital role in international payments, potentially requiring additional consolidation.

To bridge the performance gap between domestic and cross-border payments, banks should prioritize the following:

1. Transparency, automated data completion using common reference data, and pre-validating user input all help to increase STP and serviceability.

2. Reduce exception costs for payment services billing through standardized billing formats and predefined charging formats.

3. Simplify the cost of financial crime investigations by utilizing financial crime utility services and advanced analytics solutions.

4. Optimize treasury operations, focusing on intra-day liquidity reporting and efficient liquidity utilization.

5. Implement an enhanced clearing and settlement model to complement the existing nostro-vostro system, considering factors like settlement set-up, messaging standards, and technology.

To achieve this transformation, banks need a fundamental upgrade of capabilities in automation, robotics, data analytics, and customer design. Agile operating models with a customer experience mindset are essential, emphasizing shorter go-to-market times and increased marketing effectiveness.

In the future, banks operating in real-time, error-free, with integrated services will be the ones earning sufficient margins, while smaller banks may face disintermediation.

 

Efficient Cross-Border Collaborations: SWIFT's gpi Success

Collaboration among banks is crucial for achieving efficient and effective payment services. Industry initiatives like SWIFT's gpi exemplify successful group efforts, connecting 250+ banks and facilitating over $100 billion in cross-border payments daily, which accounts for more than 30% of SWIFT's total cross-border traffic. By adhering to multilateral service level agreements, participating banks ensure fast, transparent, and traceable cross-border payments. This streamlined process leads to fewer interbank investigations, and real-time processing allows over 50% of international payments to be credited to beneficiaries' accounts in less than 30 minutes, some even in seconds.

Establishing Value Chain Roles and Partnerships

Establish a clear role in the value chain and build your partnership network. Introducing a new era of "Zollverein" 5 alliances. Significant pressure will lead to value chain fragmentation, especially in the crucial back end with economies of scale at stake (Data from SWIFT). Just as the German Customs Union formed in the 19th century, transaction size reduction will drive this change. Some companies will strengthen their overall value chain presence. More often, they will focus on specific points and consider divestments. Key areas include:

  • Customer front-end providers need enhanced connectivity to payment rails, expanding involvement to banks, tech firms, payment specialists, and new players like export credit agencies, supply chain providers, and administrative software providers. Banks will remain favorable for large corporations, but opportunities will arise for gateway providers like Wirecard and Adyen, as well as SME-focused fintech.
  • Service aggregators will collaborate to create connector models, shielding businesses from evolving payment standards, formats, and regulations. This ensures a consistent experience without frequent system changes. For instance, a fintech could partner with banks to develop an API solution linked to existing net banking or corporate connections, maintaining and upgrading it through domestic payment system changes.
  • Infrastructure providers will likely continue dominating cross-border payments. Regional utilities or outsourcing providers might emerge, akin to earlier developments in security services. Large global transaction banks also partake. They encounter specific challenges dependent on digitization and economies of scale. In an evolving market, they must opt for becoming top players, identifying niche markets, or forming partnerships to achieve scale.

Conclusion:

McKinsey & SWIFT’s research predicts significant changes in the landscape of cross-border payments, driven by emerging trends, technology, and customer demands. Despite challenges, cross-border payments are a vital component of the global economy, accounting for a substantial portion of transaction revenues. New players and technologies are challenging traditional players, urging them to innovate and adapt. Regulatory compliance, investments in technology, and addressing fragmentation are key to success. The future envisions a more customer-centric approach, seamless integration, and potential shifts in revenue models. Collaboration among banks, such as SWIFT's gpi initiative, showcases successful efforts to streamline cross-border payments. To remain competitive, stakeholders need to strategically prepare for the transformed sector, embracing technology, understanding customer needs, and navigating evolving regulatory landscapes.

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