Optimization of the water-energy nexus

When delving into water management within industrial operations, it is essential to recognize the inseparable connection with energy. Addressing the so-called “water-energy nexus” in technical education helps to prepare students to be conscientious, adaptable, and innovative professionals who can contribute to sustainable and responsible technological advancements.

Water for energy, energy for water

The intricate interplay between energy and water forms a multifaceted relationship that underscores the interdependence of these two critical resources. Energy choices impact water resource quality and availability, and vice versa.

Energy production relies heavily on water resources, as various methods such as hydropower, nuclear, and thermal power generation require substantial water inputs.

Conversely, water treatment and distribution necessitate significant energy inputs. This intricate nexus becomes even more pronounced in the face of climate change, as altered precipitation patterns and rising temperatures impact both water availability and energy demand. Striking a delicate balance between these two vital elements is imperative for sustainable development and social acceptability.

Cross-disciplinary skills

To optimize the energy-water nexus, individuals need a diverse set of skills spanning technical knowledge, analytical prowess, interdisciplinary understanding, environmental awareness, policy and regulatory insight, effective communication, collaboration, project management proficiency, innovation, adaptability, and systems thinking.

Optimization tools

Instrumentation and process control, in conjunction with automation technologies, plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of the energy-water relationship in industrial operations. Various instruments and control systems are used to monitor and manage water and energy consumption efficiently:

• Differential pressure meters, electromagnetic flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters measure the rate of water flow in pipes or channels. They monitor water consumption, detect leaks, and optimize water usage in processes.
• Piezoelectric, strain gauge, and capacitance pressure sensors measure the pressure of fluids in pipes or vessels. They optimize pump efficiency, detect leaks, and ensure proper pressure in water distribution systems.
• Ultrasonic level sensors, radar level sensors, float level sensors measure the level of liquids in tanks or containers. They control water levels, prevent overflow, and manage storage in water treatment facilities.
• Thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), infrared temperature sensors measure the temperature of water or other fluids. They optimize energy consumption in heating and cooling processes, monitor water quality.
• Analytical instruments (pH/conductivity/turbidity/dissolved oxygen meters) measure and analyze the composition of water and wastewater. They monitor water quality and ensure compliance with regulatory standards.
• Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) control and automate various processes based on programmed logic. They are key to sequence control, data acquisition, and process automation in water and energy management.
• SCADA systems and DCS (distributed control systems) monitor, control, and gather data from industrial processes. Cloud data offer centralized control of water treatment plants, energy management, remote monitoring, and transparent communication with stakeholders.
• Variable frequency drives (VFDs) control the speed and power consumption of electric motors to optimize pump and fan operations, and overall energy efficiency.
• Smart sensors and IoT devices provide real-time data and enable communication between devices, enabling continuous monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven decision-making.
• Energy management systems (EMS) monitor and manage energy consumption in industrial processes to identify energy-saving opportunities and track energy usage patterns.

The mastery of these technologies enables real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of processes, contributing to increased efficiency, reduced resource consumption, and overall sustainability in industrial operations.

Explore additional articles on current trending topics that impact skill requirements in the process industry, along with relevant training content and equipment.

Download our new product guide for process automation learning solutions.