Proposing a New Paradigm of Governance

 Lebanon stands at a critical juncture, where the need for a revolutionary administrative infrastructure has never been more urgent. The country has faced numerous challenges over the years, including political instability, economic crises, and social unrest. However, these challenges also present an opportunity for transformative change that can lead Lebanon and its citizens towards fairness, justice, fair opportunities, international collaboration, and a thriving job market. By adopting revolutionary telecommunication and energy policies, coupled with entrepreneurial solutions and ministries dedicated to fostering growth and equal development across all sectors, communities, and regions, Lebanon can reposition itself as a beacon of innovation and progress[i].

At the pillar level, the need to engage with the government to create ownership was stressed. Future strategizing for administrative reform should be based on existing opportunities under the Digital Transformation and National Anti-Corruption Strategies. To start with the Lebanese civil administration lacks agility. The Lebanese public administration employs approximately 300,000 civil servants, an all-high figure if compared to similar economies, with 120,000 in the military and security apparatuses, 40,000 in the education sector, 25,000 in ministries and public administrations, and 115,000 in public institutions and municipalities.

However, there is a significant vacancy rate of 73%, with 19,600 positions unfilled. This shortage is particularly acute among second-grade employees, who are just below the position of director general. Only 20% of skilled employees remain in critical positions, leading to a lack of experienced personnel in leadership roles. As a percentage of total government spending, wages and salaries and related benefits together with salaries of some public institutions averaged at 22 percent in the past ten years, one of the highest expenditure items together with retirement and end of service, debt service, and transfers to the lossmaking electricity company, “Electricité du Liban”. In 2012, this ratio increased to a little less than a quarter of total government spending

The need to reposition Lebanon on the global stage has never been more critical, and this cannot be done through the current system. To achieve this, it is imperative to establish an agile public sector that will impact competitive business environment that attracts investments, nurtures innovation, and fosters sustainable growth. By creating a favorable regulatory framework, simplifying bureaucratic processes, and offering incentives for businesses, Lebanon can become a magnet for international and local entrepreneurs. A thriving business ecosystem will not only drive economic development but also create jobs, retain talent, and bring back the highly skilled professionals who have left the country. Embracing modern telecommunication and energy policies, along with entrepreneurial solutions, will enable Lebanon to harness its full potential and secure its place as a dynamic and forward-thinking nation ready to compete on the world stage.

Fairness and Justice

A revolutionary administrative infrastructure must prioritize fairness and justice for all citizens. This involves creating transparent and accountable governance structures that ensure equal access to resources and opportunities. By implementing robust anti-corruption measures and promoting the rule of law, Lebanon can build a society where justice prevails, and citizens have confidence in their government. Fairness and justice are the cornerstones of a stable and prosperous nation, and they must be at the heart of any transformative change.

Fair Opportunities

Lebanon's youth and talented professionals have long been its greatest assets. However, many have been forced to seek opportunities abroad due to the lack of prospects at home. By creating an environment that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship, Lebanon can provide fair opportunities for its citizens to thrive. This includes investing in education and skills development, supporting startups and small businesses, and creating a favorable business climate that attracts both local and international investors. By doing so, Lebanon can harness the potential of its talented workforce and create a vibrant economy that offers opportunities for all.

International Collaboration

In an increasingly interconnected world, international collaboration is essential for progress. Lebanon must actively seek partnerships with other countries, international organizations, and global businesses to drive innovation and development. By participating in international forums, sharing best practices, and collaborating on research and development projects, Lebanon can position itself as a key player on the global stage. International collaboration also opens up new markets for Lebanese products and services, creating opportunities for economic growth and job creation.

Entrepreneurial Solutions

Entrepreneurship is a powerful driver of economic growth and innovation. Lebanon must create an ecosystem that supports and nurtures entrepreneurs. This involves providing access to funding, mentorship, and resources for startups, as well as creating policies that encourage innovation and risk-taking. By fostering a culture of entrepreneurship, Lebanon can create new industries, generate employment, and drive economic diversification. Entrepreneurial solutions also empower individuals to take control of their economic future and contribute to the country's development.

Repositioning Talent and Job Market

Lebanon's brain drain has been a significant challenge, with many skilled professionals leaving the country in search of better opportunities. To reverse this trend, Lebanon must create an environment that attracts and retains talent. This involves offering competitive salaries, providing opportunities for career advancement, and creating a supportive ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship. By repositioning its talent and job market, Lebanon can build a knowledge-based economy that drives sustainable growth and development.

Ministries for Growth and Equal Development

To ensure that growth and development are inclusive and equitable, Lebanon must establish ministries dedicated to specific areas of focus. For example, a Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Technological Change can drive innovation and support startups, while a Ministry of Youth and Market Opportunities can empower young people and create pathways to employment. Additionally, a Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas can promote sustainable development in rural regions, and a Ministry of Telecommunication and Digital Transformation can oversee the digitalization of government services and the economy. These ministries will work together to create a holistic and integrated approach to development that benefits all sectors, communities, and regions.

Therefore, we believe that in light of all this we consider that a revolutionary administrative infrastructure should fall within a new structure for ministries.

We propose the following

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Functions:

·       Manages Lebanon’s foreign relations and diplomatic missions.

·       Promotes Lebanon interests abroad, including economic, environmental, and political interests.

·       Coordinates international cooperation and development aid.

·       Oversees consular services and assistance for Swiss citizens abroad.

Ministry of Home Affairs

Functions:

·       Responsible for social security, health, culture, and gender equality.

·       Manages social insurance systems such as pensions and health insurance.

·       Oversees cultural institutions and policies.

·       Addresses public health issues and promotes health education.

·       Manages communications and media policies.

Ministry of Justice

Functions:

·       Manages the legal and judicial system.

·       Oversees immigration and asylum policies.

·       Ensures public security and law enforcement coordination.

·       Addresses issues related to civil rights and data protection.

·       Ensure that policies are conducive to a favorable business environment, reducing bureaucratic hurdles.

Ministry of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport

Functions:

·       Manages the Armed Forces and civil defense.

·       Coordinates national security and disaster response.

·       Promotes sports and physical education.

·       Ensures the safety and preparedness of civilian populations in emergencies.

Ministry of Finance

Functions:

·       Manages financial policies and budget.

·       Oversees taxation and customs.

·       Regulates financial markets and ensures economic stability.

·       Manages properties and buildings.

Ministry of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technological Change:

Functions

·       Develop and implement policies to encourage entrepreneurship and support startups.

·       Facilitate access to funding, grants, and financial resources for new businesses.

·       Create programs for training and mentoring aspiring entrepreneurs.

·       Foster a culture of innovation and risk-taking through public campaigns and education.

·       Support the development and adoption of emerging technologies across various industries.

·       Establish research and development (R&D) initiatives to drive technological innovation.

·       Collaborate with academic institutions, research centers, and private sector companies to promote technological advancement.

·       Facilitate the commercialization of new technologies and intellectual property.

·       Organize business incubators and accelerators to nurture early-stage startups.

·       Develop networking opportunities for entrepreneurs to connect with investors, mentors, and industry experts.

Ministry of Telecommunication and Digital Transformation:

Functions

·       Promote telecommunication democratization

·       Promote digital transformation across government agencies and private sector companies.

·       Support businesses in adopting digital tools and technologies to improve efficiency and competitiveness.

·       Develop and implement policies to expand and modernize telecommunication infrastructure.

·       Promote the deployment of high-speed internet and broadband services across urban and rural areas.

·       Ensure the availability of reliable and affordable telecommunication services to all citizens.

·       Develop and enforce cybersecurity policies and regulations to protect digital infrastructure and data.

·       Encourage research and development in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT).

·       Provide training and resources for digital literacy and skills development.

·       Encourage the development of digital infrastructure, such as high-speed internet and smart technologies.

·       Develop and enforce regulations that facilitate business growth and technological innovation.

·       Monitor and evaluate the impact of policies on entrepreneurship and technological change, making adjustments as needed.

·       Advocate for intellectual property rights and protect the interests of innovators and entrepreneurs.

Ministry of Education and Research (EAER)

Functions:

·       Promotes economic growth and development.

·       Oversees education and research institutions.

·       Supports innovation and technological advancement.

·       Coordinates and supports the education system, including primary, secondary, and higher education.

·       Develops national education policies and standards

·       Promotes lifelong learning and adult education programs.

·       Supports vocational education and training (VET) to ensure alignment with labor market needs

Ministry of Youth Engagement and Market Opportunities:

Functions

·       Develop and implement programs aimed at empowering young people with the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in the modern economy.

·       Promote youth leadership and civic engagement through workshops, seminars, and community projects.

·       Collaborate with educational institutions to design and offer courses that align with current market demands and future job trends.

·       Facilitate vocational training and apprenticeship programs to prepare young people for various careers.

·       Create and promote job placement programs and career counseling services to help young individuals find employment.

Ministry of Social Inclusion and Diversity:

Functions

·       Promote social inclusion and diversity by supporting programs that address the unique needs of marginalized and underrepresented communities.

·       Advocate for policies that ensure equal opportunities for all people, regardless of their background or circumstances.

·       Encourage involvement in decision-making processes at local, regional, and national levels.

Ministry of Health

Functions

• Implement programs that promote the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of citizens.
• Provide access to health education and resources, including information on nutrition, exercise, and mental health support.
• Collaborate with healthcare providers to ensure that young people have access to affordable and quality healthcare services.

Ministry of International Collaboration and Trade:

Functions

·       Foster international partnerships and collaborations to promote entrepreneurship and technology exchange.

·       Participate in global forums and events to showcase the country's innovation capabilities.

·       Facilitate export opportunities for tech-driven products and services.

·       Attract foreign investment and talent to strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

·       Facilitate access to local and international markets for lebanon products.

·       Develop policies to enhance the competitiveness of the economic sector.

·       Support farmers and agribusinesses in meeting quality standards and certification requirements.

·       Promote exports and trade partnerships.

Ministry of the Environment and Transport

Functions:

·       Manages environmental protection and sustainability initiatives.

·       Oversees transportation infrastructure and policies.

·       Regulates energy production and consumption.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural areas

·       Formulate and implement national policies for the sustainable development of agriculture.

·       Support agricultural innovation and the adoption of modern farming techniques.

·       Ensure food security by promoting diverse and resilient agricultural systems.

·       Develop and implement strategies to enhance the quality of life in rural areas.

·       Promote economic diversification and job creation in rural communities.

·       Promote environmentally sustainable farming practices and the conservation of natural resources.

·       Implement policies to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, including soil conservation, water management, and biodiversity protection.

·       Support the transition to organic and eco-friendly farming methods.

·       Ensure the safety and quality of agricultural products through regulations and inspections.

·       Implement food safety standards and monitor compliance.

Ministry of Energy

Functions

·       Formulates the general policy for the energy and water sectors, including the master plan for electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It also discusses and finalizes studies before submitting them to the Council of Ministers for adoption

·       proposes the overall policy for regulating electric power generation, transmission, and distribution services.

·       Oversees the implementation of these policies through reports submitted by the regulator

·       Proposes public safety and environmental guidelines and technical specifications for electrical facilities

High Time for Change

The time for transformative change in Lebanon is now. The challenges facing the country are significant, but so are the opportunities. By adopting a revolutionary administrative infrastructure, Lebanon can create a fair, just, and prosperous society that offers opportunities for all its citizens. This requires bold leadership, innovative policies, and a commitment to inclusive development. The journey towards a brighter future will not be easy, but with determination and collaboration, Lebanon can achieve its full potential and become a model of progress and innovation in the region.

In conclusion, Lebanon's path to a brighter future lies in adopting a revolutionary administrative infrastructure that prioritizes fairness, justice, fair opportunities, international collaboration, and the repositioning of its talent and job market. By implementing transformative telecommunication and energy policies, fostering entrepreneurship, and establishing dedicated ministries for growth and equal development, Lebanon can create a thriving and inclusive society. The time for change is now, and with the right vision and commitment, Lebanon can build a prosperous future for all its citizens.

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Kindly direct inquiries to maanbarazy@gmail.com

End Notes

[i] Osborne and Gaebler (1992), in their book “Reinventing Government”, put forward ten principles that will induce an entrepreneurial spirit in the Public Sector. The following principles are capable of reinventing the government.

These tools are:

a. Catalytic government: steering rather than rowing

b. Community-owned government: empowering rather than serving

c. Competitive government: injecting competition in service delivery

d. Mission-driven government: transforming rule-driven organizations

e. Results-oriented government: funding outcomes, not inputs

f. Customer-driven government: meeting the needs of the customer, not the bureaucracy

g. Enterprising government: earning rather than spending

h. Anticipatory government: prevention rather than cure

i. Decentralized government: from hierarchy to participation and teamwork

Other  studies on NPM had mentioned five core principles that rely heavily on business and entrepreneurial cultural in public organizations and aim at minimizing the size and scope of governmental activities:

(1) Downsizing: reducing the size and scope of government

(2) Managerialism: using business protocols in government

(3) Decentralization: moving decision making closer to the service recipients

(4) Debureaucratisation: restructuring government to emphasize results rather than processes

(5) Privatization: directing the allocation of governmental goods and services to outside firms.

According to Arouajo the “The paradigm shift from public administration to new public management involves a move in the basic design co-ordinates of public sector organizations that become less distinctive from the private sector and the degree of discretionary power (particularly over staff, contracts and money) enjoyed by public managers is increased, as the procedural rules emanating from the centre are relaxed. Government reworks budgets to be transparent in accounting terms, with costs attributed to outputs not inputs, and outputs measured by quantitative performance indicators. Public sector organizations should be viewed as a chain of low-trust principal/agent relationships (rather than fiduciary or trustee-beneficiary ones) and a network of contracts linking incentives to performance. Government disaggregates separable functions into quasi-contractual or quasi-market forms, particularly by introducing purchaser/provider distinctions; opens up provider roles to competition between agencies or between public agencies, firms and not-for-profit bodies; and deconcentrates provider roles to the minimum-feasible sized agency, allowing users more scope for ‘exit’ from one provider to another, rather than relying on ‘voice’ options to influence how public service provision affects them