Psychology of Persuasion
When you think about persuasion, what comes to mind? Some people might think of advertising messages that urge viewers to buy a particular product while others might think of a political candidate trying to sway voters to choose his or her name on the ballot box.
We are confronted by persuasion in a wide variety of forms every single day. Persuasion is a powerful force in daily life and has a major influence on society and a whole. The average person is exposed to thousands of advertisements per day. Food makers want us to buy their newest products while movie studios want us to go see the latest blockbusters. Because persuasion is such a pervasive component of our lives, it is often all-too-easy to overlook how we are influenced by outside sources.
Persuasion is not just something that is useful to marketers and salesmen, however. Learning how to utilize these techniques in daily life can help you become a better negotiator and make it more likely that you will get what you want, whether you are trying to convince your toddler to eat her vegetables or persuade your boss to give you that raise.
What Is Persuasion?
The topic of persuasion has been one of the most extensively researched areas in social psychology. Persuasion is the process by which a person’s attitudes or behaviour are, without duress, influenced by communications from other people. One’s attitudes and behaviour are also affected by other factors (for example, verbal threats, physical coercion, one’s physiological states).
The key elements of this definition of persuasion are:
- Involves a deliberate attempt to influence others
- People are not coerced; they are instead free to choose through self-persuasion
- Persuasive messages are transmitted in a variety of ways, including
- verbally and nonverbally via television, radio, internet, or face-to-face communication
- Persuasion is symbolic, utilizing words, images, sounds, etc
How Does Persuasion Differ Today?
While the art and science of persuasion have been of interest since the time of the Ancient Greeks, there are significant differences between how persuasion occurs today and how it has occurred in the past. Perloff offers five major ways in which modern persuasion differs from the past. Today, persuasion is:
- Big business: In addition to the companies that are in business purely for persuasive purposes (such as advertising agencies, marketing firms, public relations companies) and many other businesses are reliant on persuasion to sell goods and services.
- More common: Think for a moment about how many advertisements you encounter on a daily basis. The average U.S. adult is exposed to a large number of advertisements each day.
- More complex: Consumers are more diverse and have more choices, so marketers have to be savvier when it comes to selecting their persuasive medium and message.
- More subtle: Of course, there are plenty of ads that use very obvious persuasive strategies, but many messages are far more subtle. For example, businesses sometimes carefully craft a very specific image designed to urge viewers to buy products or services in order to attain that projected lifestyle.
- Travels more rapidly: Television, radio, and the internet all help spread persuasive messages very quickly.
Because influence is so useful in so many aspects of daily life, persuasion techniques have been studied and observed since ancient times. It wasn’t until the early 20th century, however, that social psychologists began to formally study these powerful techniques. The ultimate goal of persuasion is to "convince" the target to internalize the persuasive argument and "adopt" this new attitude as a part of their core belief system.
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