Quantum Cryptography: A new paradigm
Quantum Cryptography: The Basics
• Quantum cryptography, or quantum encryption is a technology for securing data.
• Key Ingredient: Photons, particles of light, transmit data through a process called superposition.
• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is the most widespread instance of quantum cryptography.
• Alice (the sender) sends randomly polarized photons to Bob (the receiver). By doing this, Eve (the eavesdropper) cannot take these photons without revealing herself.
• Alice and Bob publicly announce how many of the photons for which the received over a public channel, creating a common secret key to be used for encryption.
• The eavesdropping of Eve on the line between Alice and Bob creates a lot of errors in the transmission, which will lead to the secret key generated to be random and safe.
• A lot more specialized machinery and fibre optic cables are required at early stages to send photons
• The main and maybe the intended application of QKD is to share a secret key. The main idea is to never directly encrypt data by QKD.
Difference between Traditional and Quantum Cryptography
Overall, quantum cryptography offers a promising future for ultra-secure communication, especially as the technology matures.
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