R:
R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. Developed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, R has become a major tool in data analysis, statistics, and graphical models. It's an open-source project, part of the GNU Project, which means it's freely available and regularly updated by its community.
- Data Analysis: Capable of handling various types of data and provides extensive packages for data analysis.
- Statistical Modeling: Offers numerous techniques for statistical tests, linear and non-linear modeling, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, etc.
- Graphics: Features comprehensive graphical capabilities for data visualization.
- Extensibility: Allows integration with other languages (C, C++, Java, etc.) and can be extended through packages.
RStudio:
RStudio, on the other hand, is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for R. It's a separate application designed to make using R easier and more productive.
- User-Friendly Interface: Offers a clean, user-friendly interface to R, making it accessible to a wider range of users.
- Integrated Tools: Combines a console, syntax-highlighting editor, and direct code execution. It also includes tools for plotting, history, debugging, and workspace management.
- Project Management: Simplifies the organization of R projects, files, and associated data.
- Version Control Integration: Provides built-in support for Git and SVN.
- RStudio enhances the functionality of R, but does not replace it; you need to install R to run RStudio.
- It's focused on streamlining the workflow in R, particularly for data analysis, visualization, and application development.
R-Studio layout
1. Source Pane (Top-Left):
- Functionality: This is where you write and edit your R scripts. It's a text editor that can handle multiple open files in tabs.
- Features: Syntax highlighting, code completion, and other text-editing features to facilitate writing code. This pane also includes tabs for viewing data, managing R Markdown or Sweave documents, and navigating files and directories.
2. Console Pane (Bottom-Left):
- Functionality: Displays the R console, where you can directly enter and execute R commands.
- Features: Shows the output of code executed from the Source Pane or commands entered directly into the console. This pane also includes tabs for viewing R's internal help and managing R's workspace.
3. Environment/History Pane (Top-Right):
- Environment Tab: Functionality: Shows the current workspace in R, including data objects, functions, and other user-defined variables.
- Features: Allows you to monitor and interact with the objects and variables you've created.
- History Tab: Functionality: Keeps a record of all the commands that have been entered in the R console.
- Features: Enables you to re-run previous commands and/or save commands as part of an R script.
4. Files/Plots/Packages/Help/Viewer Pane (Bottom-Right):
- Files Tab: Browse, open, and manage files in your RStudio project and on your computer.
- Plots Tab: View graphical outputs from R. You can export plots and navigate through a history of all created plots.
- Packages Tab: Manage R packages, including installing, updating, and viewing documentation.
- Help Tab: Access R documentation and help files.
- Viewer Tab: Used to display local web content (e.g., interactive visualizations, R Markdown outputs).
Here are a couple of nice videos explaining the R vs R-Studio and Layout:
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9moVery interesting