S88 (ISA88) for Batch Process Control

S88, or ISA-88, is a set of standards developed by the International Society of Automation (ISA) for batch process control.

The S88 standard defines a modular approach to batch control, which involves breaking down the control system into smaller, more manageable modules.

The S88 standard defines three levels of the control system:

1. The Physical Level: This level includes the physical equipment and instruments used in the batch process.
2. The Procedural Level: This level defines the batch procedures, including the recipe, the sequence of steps, and the required resources.
3. The Automation Level: This level defines the control strategy and the software used to implement the batch process control.

The S88 standard also defines a number of standard models that can be used for the different levels of the control system. These models include:

1. Equipment Module (EM): A model for the physical equipment and instruments used in the batch process.
2. Control Module (CM): A model for the control strategy used to implement the batch process.
3. Recipe Procedure Model (RPM): A model for the batch procedures, including the recipe and the sequence of steps.

By using these models, the S88 standard provides a structured approach to batch process control, which can help to reduce the complexity and increase the efficiency of the control system. The S88 standard is widely used in the process industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and food and beverage manufacturing.

Here are some industrial examples where the S88 standard is commonly applied:

1. Chemical manufacturing: The S88 standard is commonly used in chemical manufacturing for the production of specialty chemicals, polymers, and other chemical products. The standard helps to define the control strategy and batch procedures for the production of these products.
2. Pharmaceutical manufacturing: The S88 standard is widely used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for the production of drugs and other pharmaceutical products. The standard helps to ensure that the production process is consistent, reproducible, and compliant with regulatory requirements.
3. Food and beverage manufacturing: The S88 standard is commonly used in food and beverage manufacturing for the production of products such as soft drinks, beer, and other beverages. The standard helps to ensure that the production process is efficient, consistent, and produces high-quality products.
4. Biotechnology: The S88 standard is used in biotechnology for the production of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. The standard helps to ensure that the production process is consistent, reproducible, and compliant with regulatory requirements.
5. Batch processing in general: The S88 standard is applicable to any industrial process that involves batch processing, such as the production of paints, coatings, adhesives, and other similar products. The standard helps to provide a structured approach to batch process control, which can help to increase efficiency, reduce errors, and improve product quality.

Here's an example of code for implementing the S88 standard in a batch process control system using ladder logic programming language:

Equipment Module (EM) code:

// EM for a pump

START_PUMP:

IF (RUN_BUTTON AND NOT ALARM) THEN

START_PUMP_COIL = 1

ELSE

START_PUMP_COIL = 0

END_IF

STOP_PUMP:

IF (STOP_BUTTON OR ALARM) THEN

STOP_PUMP_COIL = 1

ELSE

STOP_PUMP_COIL = 0

END_IF

Control Module (CM) code:

// CM for a mixing process

MIXING_CONTROL:

IF (PHASE = "MIXING") THEN

OPEN_MIXING_VALVE = 1

START_AGITATOR = 1

ELSE

OPEN_MIXING_VALVE = 0

START_AGITATOR = 0

END_IF

HEATING_CONTROL:

IF (PHASE = "HEATING") THEN

START_HEATER = 1

ELSE

START_HEATER = 0

END_IF

COOLING_CONTROL:

IF (PHASE = "COOLING") THEN

START_COOLER = 1

ELSE

START_COOLER = 0

END_IF

Recipe Procedure Model (RPM) code:

// RPM for a mixing recipe

MIXING_PROCEDURE:

STEP_1:

PHASE = "MIXING"

MIXING_TIME = 10 // seconds

WAIT(MIXING_TIME)

STEP_2:

PHASE = "HEATING"

SET_TEMPERATURE(70) // degrees Celsius

WAIT_FOR_TEMPERATURE(70)

STEP_3:

PHASE = "COOLING"

SET_TEMPERATURE(20) // degrees Celsius

WAIT_FOR_TEMPERATURE(20)

STEP_4:

PHASE = "MIXING"

MIXING_TIME = 5 // seconds

WAIT(MIXING_TIME)

STEP_5:

PHASE = "HEATING"

SET_TEMPERATURE(80) // degrees Celsius

WAIT_FOR_TEMPERATURE(80)

STEP_6:

PHASE = "COOLING"

SET_TEMPERATURE(30) // degrees Celsius

WAIT_FOR_TEMPERATURE(30)

Note that this is just an example of how the S88 standard can be implemented using ladder logic programming language. The actual implementation may vary depending on the specific requirements of the batch process control system and the programming language used.