The science behind DNA Paternity Testing as explained by Suspire LLC.

Paternity testing is a scientific method used to determine whether a man is the biological father of a child. It plays a crucial role in legal and personal contexts, providing clarity and resolution in cases of doubt about biological relationships.

At its core, paternity testing relies on genetic analysis. Human beings inherit half of their DNA from each parent, making genetic comparison a reliable method for establishing biological relationships.

This article delves into the mechanisms and processes of paternity testing and how to easily understand paternity reports.

1. DNA Collection:

• Buccal Swab: The most common and non-invasive method involves collecting cells from the inside of the cheek using a cotton swab. Buccal swabs are considered the standard sample and are the easiest and fastest samples to analyse.
• Other Non Standard Samples: In cases where it is not possible to take a swab, DNA samples can be obtained from hair, saliva, earwax or other bodily fluids.
• Blood Samples: Less commonly, blood samples may be used, especially in a medical setting.

2. DNA Extraction:

• The collected samples are sent to a laboratory, where DNA is extracted from the cells. This involves breaking down the cell membrane to release the DNA, which is then purified for analysis.

3. PCR Amplification:

• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is used to amplify specific regions of the DNA. This process generates millions of copies of these regions, making it easier to study them in detail.

4. Genetic Marker Analysis:

• The amplified DNA is analysed at multiple genetic markers known as short tandem repeats (STRs). STRs are highly variable regions of the DNA that differ significantly between individuals.
• A typical paternity test examines between 15 and 20 different STR markers. The likelihood of two unrelated individuals having the same STR pattern at all these loci is extremely low.

5. Comparison of Genetic Profiles:

• The child's STR markers are compared to those of the alleged father. For each marker, the child must have one allele (variant of a gene) that matches an allele from the mother and one that matches an allele from the alleged father.
• A match at all tested loci provides strong evidence of paternity. Conversely, mismatches at multiple loci usually indicate non-paternity.

6. Statistical Analysis:

• The results are statistically analysed to calculate the probability of paternity. A paternity index is generated for each marker, indicating how likely it is that the alleged father is the biological father compared to an unrelated man.
• Combined paternity index (CPI) is calculated by multiplying the individual paternity indices. This is then converted into a probability of paternity, often exceeding 99.99% for a positive result.

Paternity testing is a powerful tool that combines advanced genetic techniques with rigorous statistical analysis to determine biological relationships. It has widespread applications in legal, medical, and personal contexts, providing certainty and resolving disputes.

Suspire LLC has made it easy for everyone, anywhere, to have access to DNA Tests and ordering at-home DNA Paternity Test kits. For more information visit www.suspirelabs.com