Thyroid Trouble: Proactive Steps for Prevention and Protection

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The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck under the skin. It is part of the endocrine system and controls the speed of metabolism by producing and releasing (secreting) hormones Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Metabolism is the process of transforming food into energy. Poorly functioning Thyroid impacts the body’s metabolism, hence, improper functioning of the thyroid can impact the entire body.

Malfunctions in the thyroid can lead to various disorders, including:

• Hypothyroidism i.e. the thyroid is underactive and does not produce and release enough thyroid hormones. 
• Hyperthyroidism i.e. the thyroid is overactive and produces and releases more thyroid hormones than the body needs. 
• Goitre: Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• Thyroid cancer: Cancer that begins in the thyroid tissues.

 Impact of Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disorders can result in a range of harmful effects on health. Common consequences include metabolic disturbances, weight fluctuations, mood changes, heart issues, menstrual irregularities, cognitive impairments, and autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms 

The symptoms vary between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism but often overlap, making diagnosis challenging. Symptoms include:

•  Swallowing difficulties or discomfort in the neck
• Unexplained weight changes
• Irregular heart rate
• Sensitivity to temperature changes
• Memory issues or mood swings
• Changes in menstrual cycles

More specifically Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism include:

Nervousness or anxiety, weight loss, heat intolerance, sweating, rapid heart rate or palpitations, tremors, bulging eyes, thin and brittle hair, insomnia, diarrhea or frequent bowel movements.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism include:

Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin and hair, depression, slow heart rate, constipation and memory problems. 

If you experience these symptoms, particularly if they persist or worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

Who is at Risk 

Thyroid diseases are common and can affect anyone at any age. The risk increases with:

• Personal or family history,
• Being older than 60, especially if you are a woman
• Having autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes, lupus or celiac disease
• Being pregnant
• Taking too much iodine intake or an iodine-containing medication (for example, amiodarone)
• Being deficient in vitamin D and selenium, and certain medications like lithium for bipolar disorder

How is thyroid disease diagnosed?

A combination of physical examinations, blood tests, and imaging tests are used to determine thyroid problems. 

• Medical history and physical examination include family history, swelling in the neck (goiter), changes in heart rate, or abnormalities in the eyes.
• Imaging tests to identify thyroid enlargement, atrophy, or nodules.
• Blood tests are used to measure levels/ functioning of thyroid hormones T3 & T4.

Treatment Options

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent thyroid disease, effective management strategies exist. 

Treatment plans depend on individual circumstances but may include:

Medications, radioactive iodine, and surgery in severe cases.

Prevention

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid inflammatory foods (e.g., soy products, caffeine-rich products, etc.
• Engage in regular physical activity and stress-reducing practices such as yoga or meditation.
• Ensure adequate sleep (7–9 hours per night) 
• Regular check-ups are crucial for adjusting treatment plans as needed and preventing complications.

Understanding your thyroid health is essential for maintaining overall wellness. If you suspect any issues or have a family history of thyroid disorders, consult your doctor for personalized advice and management strategies.

To know more

• What is hypertension and why it is important