Why Do People Get Depressed? Understanding its Roots

Depression is way more complicated than just feeling sad. It’s this rollercoaster of emotions that can mess with how you think, eat, sleep, and live your day-to-day life. We all have our low moments, whether bouncing back from a tough job loss or a breakup, but when those feelings hang around for more than two weeks, it could be a sign of something deeper. Besides sadness, depression can bring along a whole bunch of other symptoms that can take a toll on your overall well-being. And don’t forget, there are different flavours of depression out there, with clinical depression, or major depressive disorder, being one of the most serious types. So, if you or someone you know is stuck in that slump, it's important to get the right help and support. A common term for this condition, however, is "depression".

Depression can be a real heavy hitter, especially when it comes to the most severe forms. If left untreated, it only tends to spiral further down, which can lead to some scary stuff like self-harm or even thoughts of suicide. The good news? There are solid treatments out there that can help lighten the load and ease those tough symptoms. It’s all about finding what works best, so don’t hesitate to reach out and talk to someone who can guide you on this journey. You’re not alone in this! According to a national survey conducted during the year 2023, nearly 29% of adults had reportedly been formally told that at some point in their lives, they had depression; in contrast, about 18% reported currently experiencing it

It's interesting to see how mental health trends vary among different demographics. According to the data, it seems that women and younger adults are more likely to experience depression compared to men and older adults. This could be due to a mix of societal pressures, hormonal factors, and perhaps the challenges of navigating life in today’s fast-paced world. It’s a reminder that mental health can be complex and that we all need to be there for each other, no matter our age or gender. Though depression can occur in anyone of any age, for most people it starts during the late teens or early to mid-20s

Depressive disorders belong to various categories:

1. Clinical Depression, also known as Major Depressive Disorder: This diagnosis is when during a minimum of two weeks, you've been experiencing nearly every day either feeling sad, hopeless, or worthless, along with other symptoms, such as changes in sleep, interest in activities, or appetite.

2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Also called dysthymia, PDD is characterized by low levels of depression for two years or more. Symptoms are less severe than those of major depressive disorder, but long-term outcomes may be more severe.

3. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): This disorder causes extreme irritability and recurrent explosive angry outbursts in children, and symptoms usually begin by early age 10.

4. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): PMDD is PMS symptoms combined with significant mood challenges such as severe irritability, anxiety, or depression which usually lessen a few days after your period begins and can interfere with daily life.

5. Depressive Disorder Caused by a Medical Condition: Hypothyroidism, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer are some medical problems that might have depressive effects. Usually, treatment of the primary medical condition reduces or eliminates the depressive symptoms as well.

Depression symptoms usually run from mild to severe, and most cases differ in terms of each patient.

Common symptoms include the following:

1)Long-held sadness, irritability, emptiness, or hopelessness. Loss of interest or pleasure observable in activities once found pleasurable.

2)Crucial variations in appetite—either eating much less or more than usual—and corresponding weight changes that are unrelated to dieting. Sleeping too little or too much.-Increasing reduced energy and fatigue or tiredness.-Increasing agitation such as an inability to sit still, pacing, and handwringing; on the other hand, slowed movements and speech that others may notice

3)Feeling worthless or burdened by excessive guilt-Having difficulties thinking, concentrating, and forgetfulness or even with minor decisions

What leads to depression?

Researchers haven't identified a specific reason for depression, but they think it has emerged from a set of factors, which include:

1)Brain Chemistry: Sometimes a kind of hormonal imbalance in the brain chemicals serotonin and dopamine, which initiates depression.

2)Genetics: Having a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling who has suffered from depression, predisposes you to it, approximately three times higher than in the general population. It is also worth mentioning that it is possible to experience depression without any family history.

3)Stressful Life Events: Triggers involve the loss of a loved one, trauma, divorce, feelings of being alone, or lack of support.

4)Medical Conditions: Sometimes, depression has been linked to be triggered by conditions like chronic pain or continuous health problems, such as diabetes.

5)Medication: Some of the drugs may cause depression as a side effect while substance usage including alcohol can be both a cause and a depression trigger. It is quite normal to feel sad or "down" sometimes as part of life's ups and downs.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is depression diagnosed?

Depression can feel overwhelming, but it's important to know that it's a nuanced mental health condition that professionals take seriously. When diagnosing depression, healthcare providers dive deep into understanding the whole person—looking at both their symptoms and their medical and mental health history. This thorough evaluation helps clinicians identify the specific type of depression someone may be experiencing, whether it’s seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, or even another variation. In this process, providers may also suggest some medical tests, like blood work, to check for any underlying health issues that could be influencing emotional well-being. This comprehensive approach not only clarifies the situation but is essential in crafting a personalized treatment plan tailored just for you. Remember, you are not alone on this journey, and with the right support, brighter days are ahead

What does the future look like for someone with depression?

The outlook for depression can vary quite a bit depending on a few key factors. For instance, the severity and type of depression you’re facing can have a huge impact. It’s also important to consider if what you’re experiencing is a temporary phase or something more long-lasting. Additionally, whether or not you’re receiving treatment plays a crucial role in your journey toward recovery. Depression may sometimes sneak in alongside other mood disorders or even be linked to physical health issues and substance use disorders. If left untreated, it may be possible for depression to worsen over time, and potentially increase the risk for other health problems, including dementia. Cases of self-harm or death are also possible, and it’s essential to remember that even after treatment, there’s a possibility that depression can return. That’s why it’s so important to seek medical help right away if you notice any returning symptoms. Your well-being matters, and getting the support you need can make all the difference. Always remember that there is hope, and you can get better.

Living with Depression

If you're noticing symptoms of depression, it's important to reach out to your healthcare provider or a mental health professional. Several strategies can help alleviate these symptoms. For many, incorporating regular exercise into their routine can uplift mood and foster positive feelings. It's also beneficial to prioritize good sleep, maintain a healthy diet, and steer clear of alcohol, as it can exacerbate feelings of depression. Remember, depression is a genuine medical condition, but you don't have to face it alone—support is readily available. With the right diagnosis and effective treatment, most individuals find they can navigate through their challenges with depression. If you find yourself struggling, start by connecting with your family doctor or psychiatrist. Be honest about what you're feeling and request a thorough evaluation. Don't settle for treatments that only provide minimal relief or come with intolerable side effects. Partner with your healthcare provider or mental health specialist to discover the approach that resonates with you. It might take time and experimentation, but finding what works for you is worth the effort.

Written by Hridya Sharma