World Multiple Sclerosis Day

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)——

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is an immune-mediated disease with many features consistent with an autoimmune pathogenesis.

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)——

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T-helper (Th) cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell and monocyte infiltration in the CNS associated with local inflammation. The autoimmune molecular targets identified and utilized have been proteins expressed by myelin-producing oligodendrocytes in the CNS. The result is primary demyelination of axonal tracks, impaired axonal conduction in the CNS, and progressive hind-limb paralysis.

EAE is a complex condition in which the interaction between a variety of immunopathological and neuropathological mechanisms leads to an approximation of the key pathological features of MS: inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. The counter-regulatory mechanisms of resolution of inflammation and remyelination also occur in EAE.

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Model——

EAE model is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, MS, as it shares clinical and pathophysiological features to human disease. EAE is classically characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and paralysis.

EAE has been a powerful tool for studying disease pathogenesis as well as potential therapeutic interventions. There are currently many pathophysiologic forms of EAE with varying patterns of clinical presentation depending on the animal species and strain, priming protein/peptide, and route of immunization employed. Thus, different models have been used to study disease development and specific histopathologic characteristics with relevance to MS, and to dissect mechanisms of potential therapeutic interventions.

EAE mice are used to model the disease progression of MS and mirror MS-like pathology. EAE mice also exhibit cognitive deficits, dyskinesia and significant disruption in the structural integrity of synapses. EAE is a complex condition in which the interaction between a variety of immunopathological and neuropathological mechanisms leads to an approximation of the key pathological features of MS: inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. Moreover, EAE is often used as a model of cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune conditions in general. EAE has a complex neuropharmacology, and many of the drugs that are used in MS have been developed, tested or validated on the basis of EAE model.

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Reference：

Cris S Constantinescu, et al. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;164(4):1079-106.  doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x.