The Solitary Wave Solutions of Important Model in Particle Physics and Engineering According to Two Different Techniques ()
1. Introduction
In various phenomena of physics, mathematics, and engineering the nonlinear partial differential equations are important to study them. In the fluid dynamics, the analytical solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations of shallow water waves and the commonly studied equations (the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation [1], modified KdV equation, Boussinesq equation [2] [3], Green-Naghdi equation, Gardeners equation, and Whitham-Broer-Kaup and Jaulent-Miodek (JM) equations) are usually not available. Therefore, finding a new methods and techniques for dealing these types of equations is still an open area. The theory of solitons has contributed to understanding many experiments and complex phenomena in mathematical physics. Thus, it is of interest to evaluate new solitary wave solutions of these equations. So that, during the past five decades, a lot of method was discovered by a diverse group of scientists to solve the nonlinear partial differential equations. For example, the modified simple equation-method
[4] [5], the
(G′G) -expansion method [6] [7] [8] [9], the modified
(G′G,1G) -expansion method [10], the extended Jacobi elliptic function method [11] [12] [13], the
exp(−ϕ(ζ)) -expansion method [14] [15] [16], the modified extended
exp(−ϕ(ζ)) -expansion method [17], the Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE method
[18] [19], the exp-function method [20], the extended tanh-function method [21] [22], the Modified extended tanh-function method [23] [24], Quadratic B-Spline Galer-kin Finite Element Method [25] and so on. The purpose of this paper is to find the exact solution of Jaulent-Miodek (JM)-equation [26] [27] [28] (contain some parameters) using the two different methods mention above. If these parameters take definite values the solaitry wave solutions can be derived from it. The objective of this article is to investigate more applications than obtained in [29] [30] to justify and demonstrate the advantages of extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method and the Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE method. Here, we apply these two methods to Jaulent-Miodek (JM)-equation; firstly we apply the extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method.
2. Extended Jacobian Elliptic Function Expansion Method [11] [12] [13]
The solution according to the extended Jacobian elliptic functions takes the form:
w(ζ)=a0+N∑j=1fj−1i(ζ)[ajfj(ζ)+bjgj(ζ)],i=1,2,3,⋯ (1.1)
With
f1(ζ)=sn(ζ),g1(ζ)=cn(ζ),f2(ζ)=sn(ζ),g2(ζ)=dn(ζ),f3(ζ)=ns(ζ),g3(ζ)=cs(ζ),f4(ζ)=ns(ζ),g4(ζ)=ds(ζ),f5(ζ)=sc(ζ),g5(ζ)=nc(ζ),f6(ζ)=sd(ζ),g6(ζ)=nd(ζ), (1.2)
where
sn(ζ),cn(ζ) and
dn(ζ) are respectively the Jacobian elliptic sine function, the Jacobian elliptic cosine function and the Jacobian elliptic function of the third kind and the other Jacobi functions which is denoted by Glaisher’s symbols and are generated by these three kinds of functions, namely
ns(ζ)=1/sn(ζ),nc(ζ)=1/cn(ζ),nd(ζ)=1/dn(ζ),sc(ζ)=cn(ζ)/sn(ζ)cs(ζ)=sn(ζ)/cn(ζ),ds(ζ)=dn(ζ)/sn(ζ),sd(ζ)=sn(ζ)/dn(ζ) (1.3)
That has the relations
sn2(ζ)+cn2(ζ)=1,dn2(ζ)+m2sn2(ζ)=1,ns2(ζ)=1+cs2(ζ),ns2(ζ)=m2+ds2(ζ),sc2(ζ)+1=nc2(ζ),m2sd2(ζ)+1=nd2(ζ) (1.4)
with modulus m where 0 < m < 1.
In addition we know that
ddζ(sn(ζ))=cndn,ddζ(cn(ζ))=−sndnandddζ(dn(ζ))=−m2sncn (1.5)
The derivatives of other Jacobi elliptic functions are obtained by using Equation (1.5).
According to the balance rules, we can balance the highest order derivative term and nonlinear term so that N in Equation (1.1) can be determined. In addition we see that when m ⇒ 1,
sn(ζ),
cn(ζ), and
dn(ζ) degenerate as tanh
tanhζ,
sechζ and
cosechζ respectively, while when m = 0, it will be
tanζ,
secζ and
cosecζ, therefore Equation (1.1) degenerate as the following forms
w(ζ)=a0+N∑j=1tanhj−1(ζ)[ajtanh(ζ)+bjsech(ζ)]w(ζ)=a0+N∑j=1cothj−1(ζ)[ajcoth(ζ)+bjcoth(ζ)]w((ζ)=a0+N∑j=1tanj−1(ζ)[ajtan(ζ)+bjsec(ζ)]w(ζ)=a0+N∑j=1cotj−1(ζ)[ajcot(ζ)+bjcsc(ζ)] (1.6)
Therefore the extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is more general than sine-cosine method, the tan function method and Jacobi elliptic function expansion method.
Application
Here, we will apply extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method described in Section 2 to find the exact traveling wave solutions and then the solitary wave solutions for the Jaulent-Miodek (JM)-equation.
Consider the Jaulent-Miodek (JM)-equation [26] [27] [28] [29]
uxt+14uxxxx−32u2xuxx+34uxxuy=0 (1.7)
Let us preceding the transformation
ζ=x+y−ct, substitute at Equation (1.7) we get
−cu″ (1.8)
Let
, then Equation (1.8) became
(1.9)
Integrating (1.9) once, we get
(1.10)
Balancing the nonlinear term with the highest order derivative term, we find m + 2 = 3m Þ m = 1.
Consequently, according to the constructed method by taking the first pair of the elliptic function, the solution is
(1.11)
(1.12)
Substitute about
at Equation (1.10) arid equating all the coefficients of
to zero, we get this system of algebraic equations
(1.13)
Solving this system of algebraic equations by Maple, we get the following results:
(1.14)
So that the exact solution of Equation (1.10)
(1.15)
Now, if m → 1 we can obtain the hyperbolic solution (Figure 1):
(1.16)
Repeating, these previous work for the remaining pairs of the Jacobian elliptic functions, we can obtained the other six different new solutions.
Figure 1. The plot of Equation (1.16) in three dimensions with values:
.
3. The Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE Method [18] [19]
According to the Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE method the suggested solution is
(2.1)
where
and m are constants to be determined later. It is important to knots that when
and
, Equation (2.1) is a Riccati equation. When
and
, Equation (2.1) is a Bernoulli equation.
Differentiate (2.1) once we get
(2.2)
Substituting the derivatives of u into Equation (2.1) yields an algebraic equation of u, by consider the symmetry of the right-hand item of Equation (2.1) and setting equivalence for the highest power exponents of u we can determine m Comparing the coefficients of
yields a set of algebraic equations for a, b, c and
which solving to get
.
According to the obtained values of these constants and use the transformation
the Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE equation admits the following solutions:
1) When
, the solution of Equation (2.1) is
(2.3)
2) When
and
, the solution of Equation (2.1) is
(2.4)
3) When
and
, the solution of Equation (2.1) is
(2.5)
4) When
and
, the solution of Equation (2.1) is
(2.6)
and
(2.7)
5) When
and
, the solution of Equation (15) is
(2.8)
and
(2.9)
6) When
and
the solution of Equation (15) is
(2.10)
where
is an arbitrary constant.
Application
Now, we apply this method for solving the Jaulent-Miodek (JM)-equation (1.10) mention above,
(2.11)
According to the Riccati-Bernolli Sub-ODE method,
(2.12)
Differentiate once we get,
(2.13)
Substitute about
at Equation (2.12) and by a suitable choose of m and equating the coefficients of different power of w to zero, we get this system of algebraic equations,
(2.14)
Solving this system by Maple, we get
.
According to this solution and the constructed method we take only the two cases (3) and (5).
Case (3): when m ¹ 1, b ¹ 0 and c = 0:
1) When a > 0,
the solution is (Figure 2):
(2.15)
2) When a < 0,
the solution is (Figure 3):
Figure 2. The plot of Equation (2.15) in three dimensions with values:
.
Figure 3. The plot of Equation (2.16) in three dimensions with values:
.
(2.16)
Case (5): when m ¹ 1, a ¹ 0 and
.
1) When
the solution is (Figure 4):
(2.17)
Or (Figure 5):
(2.18)
Figure 4. The plot of Equation (2.17) in three dimensions with values:
.
Figure 5. The plot of Equation (2.18) in three dimensions with values:
.
4. Conclusion
The extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method (which depends on the balance rule) has been used successfully to find the exact traveling wave solutions of the Jaulent-Miodek (JM) model. Also, the non-balanced Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE method which is a powerful technique does not depend on the balance rule has been applied to get the solitary wave solution of this model. The comparison between our obtained results in this article with that obtained previously is included. It can be concluded that these two methods are reliable, effective, reduce the volume of calculations and can be applied to many other nonlinear evolution equations.
5. Captions, Citations and Physical Meaning of the Figures
We can briefly give the captions and citations for the obtained figures instead of the corresponding physical meaning. Let us start from Figure 1 which represents the plot of the solitary solution Equation (1.16) in three dimensions according to the values of the obtained parameters realized for the first pairs of the extended Jacobi elliptic function which is hyperbolic one. Furthermore, six new different solitary solutions are realized using the other remaining pairs of the Jacobian elliptic functions. Figure 2 and Figure 3 denotes to the plot of the solitary solutions Equation (2.15), Equation (2.16) respectively in three dimensions according to the values of the obtained parameters realized by the Riccati-Bernolli Sub-ODE method in the interval (x = −4:4, t = −4:4 and y = −4:4) which are periodic singular dark soliton, while Figure 4 denotes to the plot of the solitary solution Equation (2.17) in the intervale (x = −2:2, t = −2:2 and y = −2:2) which is kink shape. Furthemore, Figure 5 denotes to the plot of the solitary solution Equation (2.18) in the intervale (x = −2:2, t = −2:2 and y = −2:2) which is hyperbolic soliton solution.
Authors’ Contributions
All parts contained in the research carried out by the researcher through hard work and a review of the various references and contributions in the field of mathematics and the physical Applied.