These are some frequently asked questions and answers about menopause to discuss with your doctor.
1. My hot flashes aren't as intense as the ones my friends describe. Is this normal?
While hot flashes are very common in perimenopause, not all women experience them, and not all flashes are of the same intensity. You may hear your doctor refer to hot flashes or night sweats as vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and they cause symptoms such as becoming flushed, feeling faint or a rapid heart beat. Hot flashes can be as mild as a light blush or severe enough to wake you from a sound sleep and be associated with perspiration (called night sweats - another vasomotor symptom). Most hot flashes last 30 seconds to five minutes. They usually disappear within a few years after menopause, but in some women they can continue for decades.
2. Now that I've begun menopause, should I be concerned about birth control?
You will know for sure that you have experienced menopause when you have not had your period for an entire year. Until you have gone one year without a period, you should still use birth control if you do not want to become pregnant. After menopause, you should continue to practice safe sex techniques by using latex condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
3. I'm perimenopausal and have been told I should be taking low-dose birth control pills. Why?
It is common in perimenopause to be given medications to regulate cycles and a common medication given is the lower dose birth control pill. Compared to regular birth control pills, the lower dose of estrogen in very-low-dose pills may be safer for perimenopausal women. (Perimenopause typically begins several years before your final period.) While regular birth control pills contain 30 to 50 micrograms of estrogen, these low-dose pills contain only 10 to 35 micrograms and can be increased as needed.
4. What are some of the benefits of taking low-dose birth control pills?
In addition to preventing pregnancy, the pills can often regulate heavy or irregular menstrual periods and may provide protection from ovarian and uterine cancer. The pills may also prevent bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis. However, women with a history of breast cancer, blood clots, or heart disease, or women who smoke, should not take these pills.
5. Should I take Hormone Replacement Therapy?
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is designed to help women whose vasomotor or menopausal symptoms -- hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, or vaginal dryness -- are severe and affecting their quality of life. These symptoms can go on for years after your last period.
HRT replaces or supplements the hormones your body doesn’t make anymore. Most women who use it take a combination of estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is what can help relieve most with symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness; progesterone is added to protect against uterine cancer for women who have not had a hysterectomy.
6. Besides hormone replacement therapy, how can I treat hot flashes?
While HRT helps relieve vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes for many women during menopause, there are other drug treatments that may offer relief. These include both over-the-counter and prescription therapies you may recognize for their more common medical uses. Over-the-counter therapies include various vitamins, ibuprofen products, and soy protein found in foods.
Prescription treatments include:
- HRT
- Low-dose depression drugs fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), or venlafaxine (Effexor)
- Clonidine, blood pressure medication
- Gabapentin, anti-seizure drug
- Brisdelle, a paroxetine formula specifically for hot flashes
- Duavee, a conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene formula designed to treat hot flashes
7. Are there natural treatments available for menopause symptoms?
Natural or bioidentical supplements containing compounds that act like estrogens -- such as soybeans or wild yams -- may provide some of the benefits of estrogen in relieving menopausal symptoms. They commonly include estradiol, estrone, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). These products are notregulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA and the dose of hormones can vary from batch to batch.
Other botanicals, including black cohosh, have shown some promise for reducing vasomotor symptoms like night sweats, or hot flashes. You should always check with your doctor before using any of these supplements.
8. Sex has become painful since menopause. What can I do?
The pain you are experiencing during sex is may be due to vaginal dryness associated with declining estrogen levels during menopause. Talk to your doctor about possible causes of painful intercourse. There are a number of lubricants you can try to relieve the symptoms. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a suggestion. There are also local estrogen treatments -- cream, tablets, and an estrogen ring -- that treat vaginal dryness. A oral drug taken once a day, Osphena, is also available. The drug makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile, resulting in less pain for women during sex.
9. Can menopause cause changes in a woman's voice?
The majority of women do not experience a voice change during menopause, although this may be a problem for some.
10, What can I do about facial hair I've developed as a result of menopause?
Unwanted facial hair can be controlled by hormone replacement therapy in some women, but there are cosmetic hair removal techniques such as depilatory creams, laser therapy, and anti-testosterone medication to remove hair and control hair growth.
