1.   This Regulation establishes a European Union Agency for Railways (‘the Agency’).

2.   This Regulation provides for:

3.   This Regulation supports the establishment of the single European railway area, and in particular the objectives relating to:

1.   The Agency shall be a body of the Union with legal personality.

2.   In each of the Member States, the Agency shall enjoy the most extensive legal capacity accorded to legal persons under their laws. It may, in particular, acquire or dispose of movable and immovable property and may be a party to legal proceedings.

3.   The Agency shall be represented by its Executive Director.

4.   The Agency shall have sole responsibility for the functions and powers assigned to it.

1.   The Agency shall set up a limited number of working parties for the purpose of drawing up recommendations and, where relevant, guidelines, in particular relating to technical specifications for interoperability (‘TSIs’), common safety targets (‘CSTs’), common safety methods (‘CSMs’) and the use of common safety indicators (‘CSIs’).

The Agency may set up working parties in other duly justified cases at the request of the Commission or the Committee referred to in Article 81 (‘the committee’) or on its own initiative, after consulting the Commission.

The working parties shall be chaired by a representative of the Agency.

2.   The working parties shall be composed of:

The Agency may, if necessary, appoint to the working parties independent experts and representatives of international organisations recognised as competent in the field concerned. Members of the staff of the Agency may not be appointed to the working parties, except for the chair of the working parties, who shall be a representative of the Agency.

3.   Each representative body referred to in Article 38(4) shall forward to the Agency a list of the most qualified experts mandated to represent it in each working party and shall update that list whenever changes occur.

4.   Whenever the work of such working parties has a direct impact on the working conditions, health and safety of workers in the industry, representatives designated by the trade-union organisations acting at European level shall participate in the relevant working parties as full members.

5.   Travel and subsistence expenses of the members of the working parties, based on rules and scales adopted by the Management Board, shall be met by the Agency.

6.   The Agency shall take due account of the outcome of the work done by the working parties when drawing up the recommendations and guidelines referred to in paragraph 1.

7.   The Agency shall set up groups for the purposes of Articles 24, 29 and Article 38(1).

8.   The Agency may set up groups in accordance with Article 38(4) and in duly justified cases at the request of the Commission or of the committee, or on its own initiative.

9.   The work of the working parties and of the groups shall be transparent. The Management Board shall adopt the rules of procedure of the working parties and of the groups, including transparency rules.

1.   The Agency shall conduct an impact assessment of its recommendations and opinions. The Management Board shall adopt an impact-assessment methodology based on the methodology of the Commission. The Agency shall liaise with the Commission to ensure that relevant work at the Commission is duly taken into account. The Agency shall clearly identify the assumptions used as the basis for the impact assessment and the data sources used in the report accompanying each recommendation.

2.   Before including an activity in the programming document adopted by the Management Board, in accordance with Article 51(1), the Agency shall conduct an early impact assessment in relation to which it shall state:

Before any activities or projects are included in the programming document, they shall be made subject to an efficiency analysis individually and in conjunction with each other, in order to make best use of the budget and resources of the Agency.

3.   The Agency may conduct an ex post assessment of the legislation based on its recommendations.

4.   Member States shall provide the Agency with the data necessary for an impact assessment, where available.

At the request of the Agency, the representative bodies shall provide the Agency with non-confidential data necessary for the impact assessment.

1.   The Agency shall issue opinions at the request of one or more national regulatory bodies referred to in Article 55 of Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (16), in particular concerning safety-related and interoperability-related aspects of matters drawn to their attention.

2.   The Agency shall issue opinions at the request of the Commission on amendments to any act adopted on the basis of Directive (EU) 2016/797 or Directive (EU) 2016/798, especially where any alleged deficiency is signalled.

3.   All opinions of the Agency, and in particular those referred to in paragraph 2, shall be issued by the Agency as soon as possible and at the latest within 2 months of receipt of the request therefor, unless otherwise agreed with the requesting party. Those opinions shall be made public by the Agency within 1 month after they are issued, in a version from which all commercially confidential material has been removed.

1.   In order to perform the tasks entrusted to it, in particular those referred to in Articles 14, 20, 21, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 42, and to assist the Commission in fulfilling its duties under the Treaty on the Functioning of European Union (TFEU), including, in particular the assessment of the effective implementation of relevant Union legislation, the Agency may carry out visits to the Member States, in accordance with the policy, working methods and procedures adopted by the Management Board.

2.   Following consultation with the Member State concerned, the Agency shall inform the latter in good time of the planned visit, the names of the Agency officials delegated to carry out the visit, the date on which the visit is to start and its expected duration. The Agency officials delegated to carry out such visits shall do so on presentation of a decision in writing by the Executive Director specifying the purpose and the aims of their visit.

3.   The national authorities of the Member States concerned shall facilitate the work of the Agency's staff.

4.   The Agency shall draw up a report on each visit referred to in paragraph 1 and send it to the Commission and to the Member State concerned.

5.   This Article is without prejudice to the inspections referred to in Articles 33(7) and 34(6).

6.   Travel, accommodation, subsistence and other expenses incurred by the Agency's staff shall be met by the Agency.

1.   The Agency shall establish and manage an information and communications system with at least the following one-stop-shop functions:

2.   The technical and functional specifications of the one-stop shop referred to in paragraph 1 shall be developed in cooperation with the network of national safety authorities referred to in Article 38 on the basis of a draft prepared by the Agency taking into account the results of a cost-benefit analysis. On this basis, the Management Board shall adopt the technical and functional specifications and a plan to establish the one-stop shop. The one-stop shop shall be developed without prejudice to the intellectual property rights and the required confidentiality level, and taking into consideration, if appropriate, the IT applications and registers already set up by the Agency, such as those referred to in Article 37.

3.   The one-stop shop shall be operational by 16 June 2019.

4.   The Agency shall monitor the applications submitted through the one-stop shop, in particular by using the early-warning system referred to in point (d) of paragraph 1. If different applications requesting similar authorisations or single safety certificates are detected, the Agency shall ensure appropriate follow-up, such as:

1.   The Agency shall address recommendations to the Commission on the CSIs, CSMs and CSTs provided for in Articles 5, 6 and 7 of Directive (EU) 2016/798. The Agency shall also address recommendations on periodic revision of CSIs, CSMs and CSTs to the Commission.

2.   The Agency shall address recommendations to the Commission, at the request of the Commission or on its own initiative, on other measures in the field of safety, taking into account the experience gained.

3.   The Agency shall issue guidelines in order to assist national safety authorities with regard to supervision of railway undertakings, infrastructure managers and other actors, in accordance with Article 17 of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

4.   The Agency may address recommendations to the Commission on the CSMs covering any elements of the safety management system which need to be harmonised at Union level, in accordance with Article 9(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

5.   The Agency may issue guidelines and other non-binding documents to facilitate the implementation of railway safety legislation, including the provision of assistance to Member States in identifying national rules that can be repealed further to the adoption and/or revision of CSMs and guidelines for the adoption of new national rules or the amendment of existing national rules. The Agency may also issue guidelines on railway safety and safety certification, including lists of examples of good practice, in particular for cross-border transport and infrastructure.

1.   The Agency shall assist the Commission with regard to the system of certification of entities in charge of maintenance in accordance with Article 14(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

2.   The Agency shall address recommendations to the Commission for the purposes of Article 14(8) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

3.   The Agency shall analyse any alternative measures decided in accordance with Article 15 of Directive (EU) 2016/798 and shall include the outcome of its analysis in the report referred to in Article 35(4) of this Regulation.

4.   The Agency shall support and, upon request, coordinate the national safety authorities in the supervision of entities in charge of maintenance as referred to in point (c) of Article 17(1) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

1.   The Agency shall:

2.   In drafting recommendations as referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (h), (k) and (l) of paragraph 1, the Agency shall:

3.   The Agency may issue guidelines and other non-binding documents to facilitate the implementation of railway interoperability legislation, including assistance to Member States in identifying national rules that can be repealed further to the adoption or revision of TSIs.

4.   In cases of non-compliance of interoperability constituents with essential requirements, the Agency shall assist the Commission in accordance with Article 11 of Directive (EU) 2016/797.

1.   The Agency shall act as the system authority to ensure the coordinated development of telematics applications in the Union, in accordance with relevant TSIs. To that end, the Agency shall maintain, monitor and manage the corresponding subsystems requirements.

2.   The Agency shall define, publish and apply the procedure for managing requests for changes to specifications for telematics applications. To that end, the Agency shall set up, maintain and update a register of requests for changes to such specifications and their status, accompanied by the relevant justifications.

3.   The Agency shall develop and maintain the technical tools for managing the different versions of specifications for telematics applications and endeavour to ensure backward compatibility.

4.   The Agency shall assist the Commission in the monitoring of deployment of specifications for telematics applications in accordance with relevant TSIs.

1.   The Agency shall support the activities of notified conformity assessment bodies as referred to in Article 30 of Directive (EU) 2016/797. That support shall include, in particular, the issue of drafting guidelines for assessing the conformity or suitability for use of an interoperability constituent as referred to in Article 9 of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and of guidelines for the ‘EC’ verification procedure referred to in Articles 10 and 15 of Directive (EU) 2016/797.

2.   The Agency may facilitate cooperation between notified conformity assessment bodies, in accordance with Article 44 of Directive (EU) 2016/797, and may, in particular, act as the technical secretariat for their coordination group.

1.   The Agency shall, within 2 months of receipt thereof, examine the draft national rules submitted to it in accordance with Article 8(4) of Directive (EU) 2016/798 and Article 14(5) of Directive (EU) 2016/797. If translation is necessary or the draft national rule is long or complex the Agency may extend this time period by up to 3 additional months, subject to the consent of the Member State. However, in exceptional circumstances, the Agency and the Member State concerned may mutually agree to further extend that period.

Within that period, the Agency shall exchange relevant information with the Member State concerned, consult the relevant stakeholders where appropriate, and subsequently inform the Member State of the outcome of the examination.

2.   Where, after the examination referred to in paragraph 1, the Agency considers that the draft national rules enable the essential requirements for railway interoperability to be fulfilled, the CSMs and TSIs in force to be respected and the CSTs to be achieved, and that they would not result in arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on rail transport operations between Member States, the Agency shall inform the Commission and the Member State concerned of its positive assessment. In that case, the Commission may validate the rules in the IT system referred to in Article 27. Where the Agency within 2 months of receipt of the draft national rule or within the extended time period agreed in accordance with paragraph 1 does not inform the Commission and the Member State concerned of its assessment, the Member State may proceed with the introduction of the rule without prejudice to Article 26.

3.   Where the examination referred to in paragraph 1 leads to a negative assessment, the Agency shall inform the Member State concerned and ask it to state its position regarding that assessment. If, following that exchange of views with the Member State concerned, the Agency maintains its negative assessment, the Agency shall within a maximum period of 1 month:

This shall not prejudice the right of a Member State to adopt a new national rule in accordance with point (c) of Article 8(3) of Directive (EU) 2016/798 or with point (b) of Article 14(4) of Directive (EU) 2016/797.

4.   The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of its position on the opinion referred to in paragraph 3 within 2 months, including its reasons in the event of disagreement.

Where the reasons provided are deemed not to be sufficient, or in the absence of such information, and the Member State adopts the national rule in question without paying sufficient heed to the opinion referred to in paragraph 3, the Commission may adopt, by way of implementing acts, a decision addressed to the Member State concerned, requesting it to modify or repeal that rule. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).

1.   The Agency shall, within 2 months of receipt thereof, examine the national rules notified in accordance with Article 14(6) of Directive (EU) 2016/798 and Article 8(6) of Directive (EU) 2016/797. If translation is necessary or the national rule is long or complex the Agency may extend this time period by up to 3 additional months, subject to the consent of the Member State. However, in exceptional circumstances, the Agency and the Member State concerned may mutually agree to further extend that time period.

Within that period, the Agency shall exchange relevant information with the Member State concerned and subsequently inform it of the outcome of the examination.

2.   Where, after the examination referred to in paragraph 1, the Agency considers that the national rules enable the essential requirements for railway interoperability to be fulfilled, the CSMs and TSIs in force to be respected and the CSTs to be achieved, and that they would not result in arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on rail transport operations between Member States, the Agency shall inform the Commission and the Member State concerned of its positive assessment. In that case, the Commission may validate the rules in the IT system referred to in Article 27. Where the Agency does not inform the Commission and the Member State concerned within 2 months of receipt of the national rules, or within the extended time period agreed in accordance with paragraph 1, the rule shall remain valid.

3.   Where the examination referred to in paragraph 1 leads to a negative assessment, the Agency shall inform the Member State concerned and ask it to state its position regarding that assessment. If, following that exchange of views with the Member State concerned, the Agency maintains its negative assessment, the Agency shall within a maximum period of 1 month:

4.   The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of its position on the opinion referred to in paragraph 3 within 2 months, including its reasons in the event of disagreement. Where the reasons provided are deemed not to be sufficient, or in the absence of such information, the Commission may adopt, by way of implementing acts, a decision addressed to the Member State concerned, requesting it to modify or repeal the national rule in question. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).

5.   By way of derogation from paragraphs 3 and 4, in the case of urgent preventive measures, where the examination referred to in paragraph 1 leads to a negative assessment and if the Member State concerned has not amended or repealed the national rule in question within 2 months of receipt of the opinion of the Agency, the Commission may adopt a decision, by way of implementing acts, requesting the Member State to amend or repeal that rule. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).

In the case of a positive assessment by the Agency and if the national rule in question has an impact on more than one Member State, the Commission, working in cooperation with the Agency and Member States, shall take the appropriate measures, including the revision of CSMs and TSIs where necessary.

6.   The procedure referred to in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, in cases where the Agency becomes aware of any national rule, whether or not notified, that is redundant, in conflict with the CSMs, CSTs, TSIs or any other Union legislation in the railway field or creates an unjustified barrier to the single railway market.

1.   The Agency shall manage a dedicated IT system containing national rules as referred to in Articles 25 and 26 and acceptable national means of compliance referred to in point 34 of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2016/797. The Agency shall make them accessible to stakeholders for the purposes of consultation, where appropriate.

2.   Member States shall notify national rules as referred to in Articles 25(1) and 26(1) to the Agency and to the Commission through the IT system referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. The Agency shall publish those rules in that IT system, including the status of their examination and, when completed, the positive or negative outcome of the assessment, and use that IT system for the purposes of informing the Commission in accordance with Articles 25 and 26.

3.   The Agency shall carry out a technical examination of the existing national rules referred to in the available national legislation, which, as of 15 June 2016 are listed in its reference document database. The Agency shall classify notified national rules in accordance with Article 14(10) of Directive (EU) 2016/797. To that end, it shall use the system referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

4.   The Agency shall classify notified national rules in accordance with Article 8 of, and Annex I to, Directive (EU) 2016/798, taking into account the development of Union legislation. To that end, the Agency shall develop a rule management tool to be used by Member States for simplifying their systems of national rules. The Agency shall use the system referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article to publish the rule management tool.

1.   The Agency shall act as the system authority to ensure the coordinated development of the ERTMS within the Union, in accordance with relevant TSIs. To that end, the Agency shall maintain, monitor and manage the corresponding subsystem requirements, including the technical specifications for ETCS and GSM-R.

2.   The Agency shall define, publish and apply the procedure for managing requests for changes to the ERTMS specifications. To that end, the Agency shall set up, maintain and update a register of requests for changes to ERTMS specifications and their status, accompanied by the relevant justifications.

3.   The development of new versions of ERTMS technical specifications shall not be detrimental to the rate of deployment of the ERTMS, the stability of the specifications which is needed to optimise the production of ERTMS equipment, the return on investment for railway undertakings, infrastructure managers and keepers, and efficient planning of the deployment of the ERTMS.

4.   The Agency shall develop and maintain the technical tools for managing the different versions of the ERTMS, with the aim of ensuring technical and operational compatibility between networks and vehicles fitted with different versions and of providing incentives for the swift and coordinated implementation of the versions in force.

5.   In accordance with Article 5(10) of Directive (EU) 2016/797, the Agency shall ensure that successive versions of ERTMS equipment are technically compatible with earlier versions.

6.   The Agency shall draw up and disseminate relevant application guidelines for stakeholders and explanatory documentation relating to the technical specifications for the ERTMS.

1.   The Agency shall set up and chair an ERTMS group of notified conformity assessment bodies as referred to in Article 30(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/797.

The group shall check the consistency of application of the procedure for assessing the conformity or suitability for use of an interoperability constituent as referred to in Article 9 of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and of the ‘EC’ procedures for verification referred to in Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and carried out by notified conformity assessment bodies.

2.   The Agency shall report every year to the Commission on the activities of the group referred to in paragraph 1, including by means of statistics on attendance of notified conformity assessment bodies' representatives in the group.

3.   The Agency shall evaluate the application of the procedure for conformity assessment of interoperability constituents and of the ‘EC’ verification procedure for ERTMS equipment, and shall submit to the Commission, every 2 years, a report including, where appropriate, recommendations for any improvements.

1.   The Agency shall decide to:

For the purposes of this paragraph, the Agency shall cooperate with the relevant national safety authorities.

2.   Where, before an authorisation is issued by the national safety authority, the Agency becomes aware or is informed by the applicant through the one-stop shop in accordance with Article 19(6) of Directive (EU) 2016/797 that a project design or specification was changed after the Agency had issued an approval in accordance with Article 19 of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and that there is a risk of a lack of technical and operational compatibility between the ERTMS trackside subsystem and vehicles fitted with ERTMS, it shall cooperate with the parties involved, including the applicant and the relevant national safety authority, in order to find a mutually acceptable solution. If no mutually acceptable solution can be found within 1 month of the beginning of the coordination process, the matter shall be referred to the Board of Appeal for arbitration.

3.   Where the Agency finds after an authorisation is issued by the national safety authority that there is a risk of a lack of technical or operational compatibility between the relevant networks and vehicles fitted with ERTMS equipment, the national safety authority and the Agency shall cooperate with all parties involved in order to find, without delay, a mutually acceptable solution. The Agency shall inform the Commission about such cases.

1.   The Agency shall assist the Commission in monitoring the deployment of the ERTMS in accordance with the European deployment plan in force. At the Commission's request, it shall facilitate the coordination of ERTMS deployment along the Trans-European Transport Corridors and Rail Freight Corridors as provided for in Regulation (EU) No 913/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council (18).

2.   The Agency shall ensure technical follow-up of Union-funded projects for the deployment of the ERTMS, including, where applicable and without causing undue delay to the process, analysis of tendering documents at the time of the call for tenders. The Agency shall also, if necessary, assist the beneficiaries of those Union funds to ensure that the technical solutions implemented within projects are fully compliant with the TSIs relating to control-command and signalling and are therefore fully interoperable.

1.   The Agency shall support, in particular by giving appropriate guidelines to the accreditation bodies, harmonised accreditation of ERTMS laboratories in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (19).

2.   The Agency shall inform Member States and the Commission in cases of non-conformity with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 in relation to the accreditation of ERTMS laboratories.

3.   The Agency may participate as an observer in the peer evaluations required by Regulation (EC) No 765/2008.

1.   In order to perform the tasks entrusted to it and to assist the Commission in fulfilling its duties under the TFEU, the Agency shall monitor the performance and decision-making of national safety authorities through audit and inspections, on behalf of the Commission.

2.   The Agency shall be entitled to audit:

The Management Board shall adopt the policy, working methods, procedures and practical arrangements for the application of this paragraph, including, where appropriate, arrangements regarding consultation with Member States before the publication of information.

The Agency shall promote the inclusion in the audit team of qualified auditors from national safety authorities that are not subject to the actual audit. For that purpose, the Agency shall establish a list of qualified auditors and provide them with training when needed.

3.   The Agency shall issue audit reports and send them to the national safety authority concerned, to the Member State concerned and to the Commission. Each audit report shall include, in particular, a list of any deficiencies identified by the Agency as well as recommendations for improvement.

4.   If the Agency considers that the deficiencies referred to in paragraph 3 prevent the national safety authority concerned from effectively performing its tasks in relation to railway safety and interoperability, the Agency shall recommend to the national safety authority that it take appropriate steps within a mutually agreed time limit, taking into account the seriousness of the deficiency. The Member State concerned shall be kept informed by the Agency about such a recommendation.

5.   Where a national safety authority disagrees with the Agency's recommendations referred to in paragraph 4, or does not take the appropriate steps referred to in paragraph 4, or where no answer is given by a national safety authority in response to the Agency's recommendations within 3 months of receipt thereof, the Agency shall inform the Commission.

6.   The Commission shall inform the Member State concerned of the issue and ask it to state its position regarding the recommendation referred to in paragraph 4. Where the answers provided are deemed not to be sufficient or, where no answer is given by the Member State within 3 months of the Commission's request, the Commission may within 6 months take appropriate action concerning the steps to be taken as a result of the audit, where relevant.

7.   The Agency shall be entitled to conduct pre-announced inspections of national safety authorities, to verify specific areas of their activities and operation, and in particular to review documents, processes and records relating to their tasks as referred to in Directive (EU) 2016/798. The inspections may be conducted on an ad hoc basis or in accordance with a plan developed by the Agency. The duration of an inspection shall not exceed 2 days. The national authorities of the Member States shall facilitate the work of the Agency's staff. The Agency shall provide the Commission, the Member State concerned and the national safety authority concerned with a report on each inspection.

The policy, working methods and procedure for performing the inspections shall be adopted by the Management Board.

1.   For the purposes of Article 41 of Directive (EU) 2016/797, the Agency shall support the Commission in monitoring the notified conformity assessment bodies through the provision of assistance to accreditation bodies and to the relevant national authorities, and through audits and inspections, as provided for in paragraphs 2 to 6.

2.   The Agency shall support harmonised accreditation of notified conformity assessment bodies, in particular by giving the accreditation bodies appropriate guidance on evaluation criteria and procedures to assess whether notified bodies meet the requirements referred to in Chapter VI of Directive (EU) 2016/797, via the European accreditation infrastructure recognised pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008.

3.   In the case of notified conformity assessment bodies which are not accredited in accordance with Article 27 of Directive (EU) 2016/797, the Agency may audit their capacity to meet the requirements laid down in Article 30 of Directive (EU) 2016/797. The procedure for performing audits shall be adopted by the Management Board.

4.   The Agency shall issue audit reports covering the activities referred to in paragraph 3 and send them to the notified conformity assessment body concerned, to the Member State concerned and to the Commission. Each audit report shall include, in particular, a list of any deficiencies identified by the Agency as well as recommendations for improvement. If the Agency considers that those deficiencies prevent the notified conformity assessment body concerned from effectively performing its tasks in relation to railway interoperability, the Agency shall adopt a recommendation requesting the Member State in which that notified body is established to take appropriate steps, within a mutually agreed time limit, taking into account the seriousness of the deficiency.

5.   Where a Member State disagrees with the recommendation referred to in paragraph 4 or does not take the appropriate steps referred to in paragraph 4, or where no answer is given by a notified body in response to the Agency's recommendation within 3 months of receipt thereof, the Agency shall inform the Commission. The Commission shall inform the Member State concerned about the issue and ask it to state its position regarding the recommendation. Where the answers provided are deemed not to be sufficient or where no answer is given by the Member State within 3 months of receipt of the Commission's request, the Commission may adopt a decision within a period of 6 months.

6.   The Agency shall be entitled to conduct pre-announced or unannounced inspections of notified conformity assessment bodies, to verify specific areas of their activities and operation, and in particular to review documents, certificates and records relating to their tasks as referred to in Article 41 of Directive (EU) 2016/797. In the case of accredited bodies, the Agency shall cooperate with the relevant national accreditation bodies. In the case of conformity assessment bodies which are not accredited, the Agency shall cooperate with the relevant national authorities that recognised the notified bodies concerned. The inspections may be conducted on an ad hoc basis or in accordance with the policy, working methods and procedures developed by the Agency. The duration of an inspection shall not exceed 2 days. The notified conformity assessment bodies shall facilitate the work of the Agency's staff. The Agency shall provide the Commission and the Member State concerned with a report on each inspection.

1.   The Agency, together with the national investigation bodies, shall collect relevant data on accidents and incidents, taking into account the contribution of the national investigation bodies to the safety of the Union rail system.

2.   The Agency shall monitor the overall safety performance of the Union rail system. The Agency may in particular seek the assistance of the bodies referred to in Article 38, including assistance in the form of the collection of data and access to the results of the peer review in accordance with Article 22(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/798. The Agency shall also draw on the data collected by Eurostat and shall cooperate with Eurostat to prevent any duplication of work and to ensure methodological consistency between the CSIs and the indicators used in other modes of transport.

3.   At the Commission's request, the Agency shall issue recommendations on how to improve the interoperability of the Union rail system, in particular by facilitating coordination between railway undertakings and infrastructure managers, or between infrastructure managers.

4.   The Agency shall monitor progress on the safety and interoperability of the Union rail system. Every 2 years it shall present to the Commission, and publish, a report on progress on safety and interoperability in the single European railway area.

5.   The Agency shall, at the Commission's request, provide reports on the state of implementation and application of Union legislation on railway safety and interoperability in a given Member State.

6.   The Agency shall, at the request of a Member State or the Commission, provide an overview of the safety and interoperability level of the Union rail system and establish a dedicated tool for that purpose, in accordance with Article 53(2) of Directive (EU) 2016/797.

1.   The Agency shall perform the appropriate tasks relating to railway staff set out in Articles 4, 22, 23, 25, 28, 33, 34, 35 and 37 of Directive 2007/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (20).

2.   The Commission may request the Agency to perform other tasks relating to railway staff in accordance with Directive 2007/59/EC and to issue recommendations relating to railway staff entrusted with safety tasks not covered by Directive 2007/59/EC.

3.   The Agency shall consult the national authorities competent with regard to railway staff issues concerning the tasks referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. The Agency may promote cooperation between those authorities, including by organising appropriate meetings with their representatives.

1.   The Agency shall set up and maintain, where relevant in cooperation with the competent national actors:

2.   The Agency shall act as the system authority for all registers and databases referred to in Directive (EU) 2016/797, Directive (EU) 2016/798 and Directive 2007/59/EC. Its actions in that capacity shall include, in particular:

3.   The Agency shall make the following documents and registers provided for in Directive (EU) 2016/797 and Directive (EU) 2016/798 publicly available:

4.   The practical arrangements for sending the documents referred to in paragraph 3 shall be discussed and agreed by the Commission and the Member States on the basis of a draft prepared by the Agency.

5.   When the documents referred to in paragraph 3 are being sent, the bodies concerned may indicate which documents are not to be disclosed to the public for reasons of security.

6.   The national authorities responsible for issuing the licences referred to in point (c) of paragraph 3 of this Article shall notify the Agency of each individual decision to issue, renew, amend or revoke those licenses, in accordance with Directive 2012/34/EU.

The national safety authorities responsible for issuing the single safety certificates referred to in point (d) of paragraph 3 of this Article shall notify the Agency, in accordance with Article 10(16) of Directive (EU) 2016/798, of each individual decision to issue, renew, amend, restrict or revoke those certificates.

7.   The Agency may include any public document or link relevant to the objectives of this Regulation in the public database, taking into account applicable Union legislation on data protection.

1.   The Agency shall establish a network of the national safety authorities referred to in Article 16 of Directive (EU) 2016/798. The Agency shall provide the network with a secretariat.

2.   The Agency shall support the investigating bodies in accordance with Article 22(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/798. To facilitate cooperation among the investigating bodies, the Agency shall provide a secretariat which shall be organised separately from the functions within the Agency relating to safety certification of railway undertakings and authorisations to place vehicles on the market.

3.   The objectives of the cooperation between the bodies referred to in paragraph 1 and 2 shall be, in particular:

The Agency shall facilitate cooperation between the national safety authorities and national investigating bodies, in particular by holding joint meetings.

4.   The Agency may establish a network of representative bodies from the railway sector acting at Union level. The list of those bodies shall be defined by the Commission. The Agency may provide the network with a secretariat. The tasks of the network shall be, in particular:

5.   The networks and bodies referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 of this Article may comment on the draft opinions referred to in Article 10(2).

6.   The Agency may establish other networks with bodies or authorities having responsibility for a part of the Union rail system.

7.   The Commission may participate in the meetings of networks referred to in this Article.

1.   The Agency shall contribute, at the Commission's request or on its own initiative subject to the procedure referred to in Article 52(4), to railway research activities at Union level, including by providing support to relevant Commission services and representative bodies. Such contributions shall be without prejudice to other research activities at Union level.

2.   The Commission may entrust the Agency with the task of promoting innovation aimed at improving railway safety and interoperability, particularly the use of new information technologies, timetable information and tracking and tracing systems.

1.   At the request of the Commission, Member States, candidate countries or the networks referred to in Article 38, the Agency shall engage in training and other appropriate activities concerning the application and explanation of railway safety and interoperability legislation and related products of the Agency such as registers, implementation guides and recommendations.

2.   The nature and extent of the activities referred to in paragraph 1, including the possible impact on resources, shall be decided by the Management Board and included in the Agency's programming document. The costs of such assistance shall be borne by the requesting parties unless otherwise agreed.

1.   In so far as is necessary in order to achieve the objectives set out in this Regulation, and without prejudice to the respective competences of the Member States, the institutions of the Union and the European External Action Service, the Agency may strengthen coordination with international organisations on the basis of concluded agreements and develop contacts and enter into administrative arrangements with supervisory authorities, international organisations and the administrations of third countries competent in matters covered by Agency activities in order to keep up with scientific and technical developments and to ensure promotion of the Union railways legislation and standards.

2.   The arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 shall not create legal obligations incumbent on the Union and its Member States, nor shall they prevent Member States and their competent authorities from concluding bilateral or multilateral arrangements with the supervisory authorities, international organisations and the administrations of third countries referred to in paragraph 1. Such bilateral or multilateral arrangements and cooperation shall be subject to prior discussion with the Commission and periodical reporting to it. The Management Board shall be duly informed of those bilateral or multilateral arrangements.

3.   The Management Board shall adopt a strategy for relations with third countries or international organisations concerning matters for which the Agency is competent. That strategy shall be included in the programming document of the Agency, with a specification of associated resources.

1.   The Management Board shall be composed of one representative from each Member State and two representatives of the Commission, all with a right to vote.

The Management Board shall also include six representatives, without a right to vote, representing, at European level, the following stakeholders:

For each of those stakeholders, the Commission shall appoint a representative and an alternate from a shortlist of four names submitted by their respective European organisations.

2.   Board members and their alternates shall be appointed in light of their knowledge of the Agency's core business, taking into account relevant managerial, administrative and budgetary skills. All parties shall make efforts to limit turnover of their representatives on the Management Board, in order to ensure continuity of the Management Board's work. All parties shall aim to achieve a balanced gender representation on the Management Board.

3.   Member States and the Commission shall appoint members of the Management Board and their respective alternates who shall replace the members in their absence.

4.   The term of office of the members shall be 4 years and may be renewed.

5.   Where appropriate, the participation of representatives of third countries and the conditions of such participation shall be established in the arrangements referred to in Article 75.

1.   The Management Board shall elect, by a two-thirds majority of its members entitled to vote, a chairperson from among the representatives of the Member States and a deputy chairperson from among its members.

The deputy chairperson shall replace the chairperson in the event of the chairperson being unable to attend to his or her duties.

2.   The term of office of the chairperson and deputy chairperson shall be 4 years and may be renewed once. If, however, their membership of the Management Board ends at any time during their term of office, their term of office shall automatically also expire on that date.

1.   Meetings of the Management Board shall be conducted in accordance with its rules of procedure and convened by its chairperson. The Executive Director of the Agency shall participate in the meetings, except when his or her participation may lead to a conflict of interests, as decided by the chairperson, or when the Management Board is to take a decision relating to Article 70, in accordance with point (i) of Article 51(1).

The Management Board may invite any person whose opinion may be of interest to attend specific agenda items of its meetings as an observer.

2.   The Management Board shall meet at least twice a year. It shall also meet on the initiative of the chairperson or at the request of the Commission, of a majority of its members, or of one-third of the Member States' representatives on the Board.

3.   When a matter of confidentiality or a conflict of interest arises, the Management Board may decide to examine specific items on its agenda without the members concerned being present. This does not affect the right of the Member States and of the Commission to be represented by an alternate or by any other person. Detailed rules for the application of this provision shall be laid down in the Management Board's rules of procedure.

1.   In order to ensure that the Agency carries out its tasks, the Management Board shall:

2.   The Management Board shall adopt, in accordance with the procedure provided for in Article 110 of the Staff Regulations, a decision in application of Article 2(1) of the Staff Regulations and of Article 6 of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants delegating the relevant appointing authority powers to the Executive Director and laying down the conditions under which that delegation of powers may be suspended. The Executive Director shall be authorised to subdelegate those powers. The Executive Director shall inform the Management Board of such subdelegations.

In application of the first subparagraph, where exceptional circumstances so require, the Management Board may, by way of a decision, suspend temporarily the delegation of appointing authority powers to the Executive Director and those subdelegated by the latter and exercise them itself or delegate them to one of its members or to a staff member other than the Executive Director. The delegate shall report to the Management Board on the exercise of such a delegation.

1.   The Management Board shall adopt the programming document containing annual and multi-annual programmes by 30 November each year, taking into account the opinion of the Commission, and shall forward it to the Member States, the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission and to the networks referred to in Article 38. The annual work programme shall lay down the actions that the Agency is to perform during the coming year.

The Management Board shall establish appropriate procedures to be applied for the adoption of the programming document, including for the consultation of relevant stakeholders.

2.   The programming document shall become definitive after final adoption of the Union general budget and, if necessary, shall be adjusted accordingly.

If, within 15 days of the date of adoption of the programming document, the Commission expresses its disagreement with such document, the Management Board shall re-examine the programme and adopt it, as amended if necessary, within a period of 2 months, in second reading either by a two-thirds majority of its members entitled to vote, including all Commission representatives, or by unanimity of the representatives of the Member States.

3.   The Agency's annual work programme shall identify the objectives of each activity. As a general rule, each activity shall be clearly linked with the budgetary and human resources required to carry it out, in accordance with the principles of activity-based budgeting and management and the early impact-assessment procedure provided for in Article 8(2).

4.   The Management Board shall, if necessary, amend the adopted programming document when a new task is assigned to the Agency. The inclusion of such a new task shall be subject to an analysis of the human and budgetary resources implications in accordance with Article 8(2), and may be subject to a decision to postpone other tasks.

5.   The Agency's multi-annual work programme shall set out overall strategic programming, including objectives, expected results and performance indicators. It shall also set out resource programming, including the multiannual budget and staff. The European Parliament shall be consulted on the draft multi-annual work programme.

The resource programming shall be updated annually. The strategic programming shall be updated where appropriate, in particular to address the outcome of the evaluation and review referred to in Article 82.

1.   The Management Board shall be assisted by an Executive Board.

2.   The Executive Board shall prepare decisions to be adopted by the Management Board. Where necessary, on grounds of urgency, it shall take certain provisional decisions on behalf of the Management Board, in particular on administrative and budgetary matters, subject to a mandate received from the Management Board.

Together with the Management Board, the Executive Board shall ensure adequate follow-up to the findings and recommendations stemming from investigations by OLAF and the various internal or external audit reports and evaluations, including by means of appropriate actions of the Executive Director.

Without prejudice to the responsibilities of the Executive Director, as set out in Article 54, the Executive Board shall assist and advise the Executive Director in the implementation of decisions of the Management Board, with a view to reinforcing supervision of administrative and budgetary management.

3.   The Executive Board shall be composed of the following members:

The chairperson of the Management Board shall act as the chairperson of the Executive Board.

The four representatives of the Member States, and their alternates, shall be appointed by the Management Board on the basis of their relevant competence and experience. When appointing them, the Management Board shall aim to achieve a balanced gender representation on the Executive Board.

4.   The term of office of members of the Executive Board shall be the same as that of members of the Management Board unless the Management Board decides that it is to be shorter.

5.   The Executive Board shall meet at least once every 3 months and, where possible, not less than 2 weeks prior to the meeting of the Management Board. The chairperson of the Executive Board shall convene additional meetings at the request of its members or of the Management Board.

6.   The Management Board shall lay down the rules of procedure of the Executive Board, shall be periodically informed of the work of the Executive Board, and shall have access to its documents.

1.   The Agency shall be managed by its Executive Director, who shall be completely independent in the performance of his or her duties. The Executive Director shall be accountable to the Management Board for his or her activities.

2.   Without prejudice to the powers of the Commission, the Management Board or the Executive Board, the Executive Director shall neither seek nor take instructions from any government or from any other body.

3.   Upon being requested to do so by the European Parliament or the Council, the Executive Director shall report on the performance of his or her duties to the institution concerned.

4.   The Executive Director shall be the legal representative of the Agency and shall adopt decisions, recommendations, opinions and other formal acts of the Agency.

5.   The Executive Director shall be responsible for the administrative management of the Agency and for the implementation of the tasks assigned to it by this Regulation. In particular, the Executive Director shall be responsible for:

1.   By decision of the Management Board, the Agency shall establish one or more Boards of Appeal which shall be in charge of the appeals and arbitration procedures referred to in Articles 58 and 61.

2.   Each Board of Appeal shall be composed of a chairperson and two other members. They shall have alternates to represent them in their absence, or where any conflicts of interest arise.

3.   The establishment and composition of Boards of Appeal shall be decided on a case-by-case basis. Alternatively, a Board of Appeal may be established as a permanent body for a maximum period of 4 years. In both cases, the following procedure applies:

4.   Where the Board of Appeal considers that the nature of the appeal so requires, it may request the Management Board to appoint two additional members and their alternates from the list referred to in point (a) of paragraph 3.

5.   On a proposal by the Agency, and after consulting the Management Board, the Commission shall establish the rules of procedure of the Boards of Appeal, including the voting rules the procedures for filing an appeal and the conditions for reimbursement of expenses of their members. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 81(3).

6.   The Boards of Appeal may request the opinion of experts from the Member States concerned, in particular with a view to clarifying the national legislation concerned, during the initial examination phase of the procedure.

1.   In the case of a permanent Board of Appeal, the term of office of its members and alternates shall be limited to 4 years and may be renewed once. In other cases, the term of office shall be limited to the duration of the appeal or arbitration.

2.   Members of Boards of Appeal shall be independent from all parties involved in the appeal or arbitration and may not perform any other duties within the Agency. In their deliberations and decisions they shall not be bound by any instructions and shall be free from any conflict of interest.

3.   Members of Boards of Appeal shall not be part of the Agency's staff and shall be remunerated for their actual involvement in a given appeal or arbitration.

4.   Members of Boards of Appeal may not be removed from office during their term of office, unless there are serious grounds for such removal and the Management Board takes a decision to that effect.

5.   Members of Boards of Appeal may not be removed from the list of qualified experts during their term of office, unless there are serious grounds for such removal and the Commission takes a decision to that effect.

1.   Members of Boards of Appeal may not take part in any appeal or arbitration proceedings if they have any personal interest in the proceedings, if they have previously been involved as representatives of one of the parties to the proceedings, or if they participated in the taking of the decision appealed against.

2.   Where a member of a Board of Appeal considers that it is not appropriate for him or her or any other member to take part in any appeal or arbitration proceeding, on any of the grounds referred to in paragraph 1 or for any other reason, that member shall inform the Board of Appeal, which shall decide on the exclusion of the person concerned on the basis of the rules adopted by the Management Board pursuant to point (s) of Article 51(1).

3.   Any party to the appeal or arbitration proceedings may object, in accordance with the rules of procedure established pursuant to Article 55(5), to any member of the Board of Appeal on any of the grounds referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, or if that member is suspected of partiality. No objection may be based on the nationality of the member concerned.

4.   An objection under paragraph 3 shall only be admissible if it is made prior to the start of proceedings before the Board of Appeal, or, where the information constituting the grounds for the objection becomes known after the proceedings have started, within the deadlines laid down in the Board of Appeal's rules of procedure. The Board of Appeal member concerned shall be notified of the objection and shall state whether he or she agrees to be excluded. If he or she does not agree, the Board of Appeal shall take a decision within the deadlines laid down in its rules of procedure or, where there is no response, after expiry of the deadline set for issuing a response.

5.   The Boards of Appeal shall decide as to the action to be taken in the cases specified in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 without the participation of the member concerned. For the purpose of taking that decision, the member concerned shall be replaced on the Board of Appeal by his or her alternate. The Management Board shall be informed of the decisions taken by the Board of Appeal.

1.   An appeal may be brought before a Board of Appeal against a decision taken by the Agency pursuant to Articles 14, 20, 21 and 22 or if the Agency fails to act within the applicable time limits, following completion of the interlocutory revision referred to in Article 60.

2.   An appeal lodged pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not have suspensory effect. However, upon request by the parties involved, the Board of Appeal may decide that the appeal in question is to have suspensory effect, if it considers that circumstances, such as impact on safety, so permit. In such a case, the Board of Appeal shall provide a statement of reasons for its decision.

1.   Any natural or legal person may appeal against a decision of the Agency addressed to that person, or of direct and individual concern to that person, pursuant to Articles 14, 20 and 21, or if the Agency fails to act within the applicable time limits.

2.   The appeal, together with the statement of grounds thereof, shall be filed in writing in accordance with the rules of procedure referred to in Article 55(5) within 2 months of notification of the measure to the person concerned, or, if the person is not notified of the measure, within 2 months of the day on which it came to the knowledge of that person.

Appeals regarding a failure to act shall be filed at the Agency in writing within 2 months of the expiry of the time limit set out in the relevant Article.

1.   If the Agency considers the appeal to be admissible and well founded, it shall rectify the decision or failure to act referred to in Article 58(1). This shall not apply where the decision appealed against affects another party involved in the appeal proceedings.

2.   If the decision is not rectified within 1 month after receipt of the appeal, the Agency shall forthwith decide whether or not to suspend the application of its decision and shall refer the appeal to one of the Boards of Appeal.

1.   The Board of Appeal shall decide within 3 months of the appeal being filed whether to grant or refuse that appeal. When examining an appeal or acting as arbitrator, the Board of Appeal shall act within the deadlines laid down in its rules of procedure. It shall, as often as necessary, invite the parties to the appeal proceedings to file, within specified time limits, observations on its notifications or on communications from other parties to the appeal proceedings. Parties to the appeal proceedings shall be entitled to make oral representations.

2.   As regards arbitration, the Agency shall take its final decision in accordance with the procedures referred to in Article 21(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and Article 10(7) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

3.   Where the Board of Appeal finds that the grounds for appeal are founded, it shall remit the case to the Agency. The Agency shall take its final decision in compliance with the findings of the Board of Appeal and shall provide a statement of reasons for that decision. The Agency shall inform the parties to the appeal proceedings accordingly.

1.   Actions for the annulment of Agency decisions taken pursuant to Articles 14, 20 and 21, or for failure to act within the applicable time limits, may be brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union only after the appeal procedure within the Agency in accordance with Article 58 has been exhausted.

2.   The Agency shall take all necessary measures to comply with the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

1.   Estimates of all the revenue and expenditure of the Agency shall be prepared for each financial year, corresponding to the calendar year, and shall be set out in the budget of the Agency.

2.   Without prejudice to other resources, the revenue of the Agency shall consist of:

3.   The expenditure of the Agency shall include staff, administrative, infrastructure and operational expenses.

4.   Revenue and expenditure shall be kept in balance.

5.   Each year, the Management Board, on the basis of a draft drawn up by the Executive Director in accordance with the principle of activity-based budgeting, shall produce a statement of estimates of revenue and expenditure for the Agency for the following financial year. That statement of estimates, which shall include a draft establishment plan, shall be forwarded by the Management Board to the Commission by 31 January at the latest.

6.   The statement of estimates shall be forwarded by the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council together with the preliminary draft general budget of the Union.

7.   On the basis of the statement of estimates, the Commission shall enter in the preliminary draft general budget of the Union the estimates it considers necessary for the establishment plan and the amount of the contribution to be charged to the general budget, which it shall place before the European Parliament and the Council in accordance with Article 314 TFEU, together with a description of and justification for any difference between the Agency's statement of estimates and the subsidy to be charged to the general budget.

8.   The European Parliament and the Council shall authorise the appropriations for the contribution to the Agency. The European Parliament and the Council shall adopt the establishment plan for the Agency.

9.   The budget shall be adopted by the Management Board, by a two-thirds majority of its members entitled to vote. The budget of the Agency shall become final following final adoption of the general budget of the Union. Where appropriate, it shall be adjusted accordingly.

10.   For any property-related project likely to have significant implications for the budget of the Agency, Article 203 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (25) shall apply.

1.   The Executive Director shall implement the budget of the Agency.

2.   By 1 March following each financial year, the Agency's accounting officer shall communicate the provisional accounts to the Commission's accounting officer together with a report on the budgetary and financial management for that financial year. The Commission's accounting officer shall consolidate the provisional accounts of the institutions and decentralised bodies in accordance with Article 147 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012.

3.   By 31 March following each financial year, the Commission's accounting officer shall forward the Agency's provisional accounts to the Court of Auditors, together with a report on the budgetary and financial management for that financial year. The report on the budgetary and financial management for the financial year shall also be forwarded to the European Parliament and the Council.

The Court of Auditors shall examine those accounts in accordance with Article 287 TFEU. It shall publish a report on the Agency's activities every year.

4.   On receipt of the Court of Auditors' observations on the Agency's provisional accounts, pursuant to Article 148 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012, the accounting officer shall draw up the Agency's final accounts. The Executive Director shall submit them to the Management Board for its opinion.

5.   The Management Board shall deliver an opinion on the Agency's final accounts.

6.   The accounting officer shall, by 1 July following each financial year, forward the final accounts to the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission and the Court of Auditors, together with the Management Board's opinion.

7.   The final accounts of the Agency shall be published.

8.   The Executive Director shall send the Court of Auditors a reply to its observations by 30 September following each financial year. He or she shall also send that reply to the Management Board and to the Commission.

9.   The Executive Director shall submit to the European Parliament, at the latter's request, all information necessary for the smooth application of the discharge procedure for the financial year in question, in accordance with Article 165(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012.

10.   The European Parliament, on a recommendation from the Council acting by a qualified majority, shall, before 15 May of year N + 2, give a discharge to the Executive Director in respect of the implementation of the budget for year N.

1.   The Staff Regulations and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants, and the rules adopted by agreement between the institutions of the Union for giving effect to those Staff Regulations, shall apply to the staff of the Agency.

2.   Without prejudice to point (j) of Article 51(1) of this Regulation, implementing rules adopted by the Commission to give effect to the Staff Regulations and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants, including the general implementing provisions, shall apply by analogy to the Agency, in accordance with Article 110 of the Staff Regulations.

3.   The Agency shall take appropriate administrative measures, inter alia, through training and prevention strategies, to organise its services in such a way as to avoid any conflict of interest.

1.   The Executive Director shall be engaged as a temporary agent of the Agency under point (a) of Article 2 of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants.

2.   The Executive Director shall be appointed by the Management Board on the grounds of merit, documented administrative and managerial skills, and relevant knowledge and experience of the transport sector, from a list of at least three candidates proposed by the Commission, after an open and transparent selection procedure, following publication of the vacancy notice in the Official Journal of the European Union and elsewhere, as appropriate. Before the decision of the Management Board is taken, the observer referred to in point (x) of Article 51(1) shall report on the procedure.

For the purposes of concluding the contract of engagement of the Executive Director, the Agency shall be represented by the chair of the Management Board.

Before being appointed, the candidate selected by the Management Board may be invited to make a statement before the competent committee of the European Parliament and to answer questions put by its members.

3.   The term of office of the Executive Director shall be 5 years. By the end of that period, the Commission shall undertake an assessment of the performance of the Executive Director and of the Agency's future tasks and challenges.

4.   The Management Board, acting on a proposal from the Commission taking into account the assessment referred to in paragraph 3, may extend the term of office of the Executive Director once, for no more than 5 years.

5.   The Management Board shall inform the European Parliament of its intention to extend the Executive Director's term of office. Within 1 month before any such extension, the Executive Director may be invited to make a statement before the competent committee of the European Parliament and to answer questions put by its members.

6.   An Executive Director whose term of office has been extended may not participate in another selection procedure for the same post following such an extension of term of office.

7.   The Executive Director may be removed from office only upon a decision of the Management Board acting on a request from the Commission or from one third of its members.

1.   Where the necessary arrangements concerning the accommodation to be provided for the Agency in the host Member State and the facilities to be made available by that Member State together with the specific rules applicable in that Member State to the Executive Director, members of the Management Board, Agency staff and members of their families are not yet in place or not yet provided for in a written agreement, an agreement between the Agency and the host Member State on all these elements shall be concluded, in accordance with the legal order of the host Member State, and after the approval of the Management Board, no later than 16 June 2017. That agreement may take the form of a headquarters agreement.

2.   The host Member State shall provide the best possible conditions to ensure the proper functioning of the Agency, including multilingual, European-oriented schooling and appropriate transport connections.

1.   The contractual liability of the Agency shall be governed by the law applicable to the contract in question.

2.   The Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction to adjudicate pursuant to any arbitration clause contained in a contract concluded by the Agency.

3.   In the event of non-contractual liability, the Agency shall, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States, make good any damage caused by its departments or by its staff in the performance of their duties.

4.   The Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction in disputes relating to compensation for damage as referred to in paragraph 3.

5.   The personal liability of its staff towards the Agency shall be governed by the provisions laid down in the Staff Regulations or the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants applicable to them.

1.   Regulation No 1 shall apply to the Agency. If necessary, the Management Board shall adopt appropriate rules for the implementation of that Regulation.

At the request of a member of the Management Board, the decision in that regard shall be taken by unanimity.

2.   The translation services required for the functioning of the Agency shall be provided by the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union.

1.   Without prejudice to Article 44, the Agency shall be open to participation by third countries, in particular by countries within the scope of the European Neighbourhood Policy, the Enlargement policy countries and EFTA countries which have concluded agreements with the Union under which the countries concerned have adopted and are applying Union law, or equivalent national measures, in the field covered by this Regulation, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 218 TFEU.

2.   In accordance with the relevant provisions of the agreements referred to in paragraph 1, arrangements shall be made between the Agency and the third countries concerned, setting out detailed rules for participation by those third countries in the work of the Agency, in particular the nature and extent of such participation. Those arrangements shall include provisions on financial contributions and staff. They may provide for representation of the third countries concerned, without the right to vote, on the Management Board.

The Agency shall sign the arrangements after having received the agreement of the Commission and of the Management Board.

1.   The Agency and the national safety authorities shall conclude cooperation agreements in relation to the implementation of Articles 14, 20 and 21, taking into account point (t) of Article 51(1).

2.   The cooperation agreements may be specific or framework agreements, and may involve one or more national safety authorities. They shall contain a specified description of tasks and conditions for deliverables, lay down the time limits applying to their delivery, and determine the manner in which the fees payable by applicants are to be apportioned as between the Agency and the national safety authorities. Such apportionment shall take into account the framework model referred to in point (u) of Article 51(1).

3.   The cooperation agreements may also include specific cooperation arrangements in the case of networks requiring specific expertise for geographical or historical reasons, with a view to reducing administrative burdens and costs to the applicant. Where such networks are isolated from the rest of the Union rail system, such specific cooperation arrangements may include the possibility of contracting tasks to the relevant national safety authorities when this is necessary in order to ensure efficient and proportionate allocation of resources.

4.   In the case of those Member States whose rail networks have a track gauge that is different from that of the main rail network within the Union and share identical technical and operational requirements with neighbouring third countries, a multilateral cooperation agreement shall involve all the national safety authorities concerned in those Member States as provided for in Article 21(15) of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and Article 11(3) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

5.   The cooperation agreements shall be in place before the Agency carries out its tasks in accordance with Article 83(4).

6.   The Agency may conclude cooperation agreements with other national authorities and competent bodies in relation to the implementation of Articles 14, 20 and 21.

7.   The cooperation agreements shall be without prejudice to the overall responsibility of the Agency for the performance of its tasks as provided for in Articles 14, 20 and 21.

8.   The Agency and the national safety authorities may work together and share best practices in relation to the implementation of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

1.   Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (26) shall apply to documents held by the Agency.

The Management Board shall adopt practical measures for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 by 16 June 2017.

Decisions taken by the Agency pursuant to Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 may form the subject of a complaint to the Ombudsman or of an action before the Court of Justice of the European Union under Articles 228 and 263 TFEU respectively.

2.   The Agency shall publish its recommendations, opinions, studies, reports and outcomes of impact assessments on its website, without prejudice to paragraph 1 and after all confidential material has been removed therefrom.

3.   The Agency shall make public the declarations of interests of the members of the Agency's management and administrative structure listed in Article 46.

The processing of personal data by the Agency shall be subject to Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (27).

4.   The Management Board shall adopt measures to ensure that the Agency provides efficient, user-friendly and easily accessible information on its website about railway interoperability and safety processes and about other relevant railway documents.

1.   In order to facilitate the fight against fraud, corruption and other unlawful activities under Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999, the Agency shall by 16 December 2016 accede to the Inter-institutional Agreement of 25 May 1999 concerning internal investigations by OLAF and adopt the appropriate provisions applicable to all employees of the Agency, using the template set out in the Annex to that Agreement.

2.   The Court of Auditors shall have the power of audit, on the basis of documents and on the spot, over all grant beneficiaries, contractors and subcontractors who have received Union funds from the Agency.

3.   OLAF may carry out investigations, including on-the-spot checks and inspections, in accordance with the provisions and procedures laid down in Regulation (EU) No 883/2013 and in Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 (29), with a view to establishing whether there has been any fraud, corruption or any other illegal activity affecting the financial interests of the Union in connection with a grant or contract funded by the Agency.

4.   Without prejudice to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, cooperation agreements with third countries and international organisations, contracts, grant agreements and grant decisions of the Agency shall contain provisions expressly empowering the Court of Auditors and OLAF to conduct such audits and investigations in accordance with their respective competences.

1.   The Commission shall adopt, on the basis of the principles set out in paragraphs 2 and 3, implementing acts specifying:

Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 81(3).

2.   Fees and charges shall be levied for:

Fees and charges may be levied for the processing of appeals.

All fees and charges shall be expressed, and payable, in euro.

Fees and charges shall be set in a transparent, fair and uniform manner, taking into account the competitiveness of the European railway sector. They shall not lead to the imposition of unnecessary financial burdens on applicants. The specific needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, including the possibility of splitting payments into several instalments and phases, shall be taken into account, as appropriate.

The fee for issuing the decision for approval shall be set in a proportionate manner, taking into account the different stages of the authorisation process for ERTMS trackside projects and the workload required for each of the stages. The apportionment of the fees shall be clearly identified in the accounts.

Reasonable deadlines shall be set for the payment of fees and charges, taking due account of the deadlines for the procedures provided for in Articles 19 and 21 of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2016/798.

3.   The amount of the fees and charges shall be fixed at such a level as to ensure that the revenue in respect thereof is sufficient to cover the full cost of the services provided, including the relevant costs resulting from the tasks assigned to the national safety authorities in accordance with Article 76(2) and (3). All expenditure of the Agency attributed to staff involved in the activities referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, including the employer's pro-rata contribution to the pension scheme, shall in particular be reflected in that cost. Should a significant imbalance resulting from the provision of the services covered by fees and charges become recurrent, the level of those fees and charges shall be revised. Those fees and charges shall be assigned revenues for the Agency.

When setting the levels of fees and charges, the Commission shall take into account:

1.   The Commission shall be assisted by the committee established by Article 51 of Directive (EU) 2016/797. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.

2.   Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

3.   Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply. Where the committee delivers no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the third paragraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

1.   No later than 16 June 2020 and every 5 years thereafter, the Commission shall commission an evaluation to assess, in particular, the impact, effectiveness and efficiency of the Agency and its working practices, taking into account all relevant work by the Court of Auditors as well as the views and recommendations of relevant stakeholders, including national safety authorities, representatives of the railway sector, social partners and consumer organisations. The evaluation shall address, in particular, any need to amend the mandate of the Agency and the financial implications of any such amendment.

2.   By 16 June 2023, the Commission, in order to identify whether improvements are needed, shall assess the functioning of the dual system for vehicle authorisation and safety certification, the one-stop shop related thereto and the harmonised implementation of ERTMS in the Union.

3.   The Commission shall forward the evaluation report together with its conclusions thereon to the European Parliament, the Council and the Management Board. The findings of the evaluation shall be made public.

4.   On the occasion of every second evaluation, there shall also be an assessment of the results achieved by the Agency, having regard to its objectives, mandate and tasks.

1.   The Agency replaces and succeeds the European Railway Agency established by Regulation (EC) No 881/2004 as regards all ownership, agreements, legal obligations, employment contracts, financial commitments and liabilities.

2.   By way of derogation from Article 47, the members of the Administrative Board appointed under Regulation (EC) No 881/2004 before 15 June 2016 shall remain in office as members of the Management Board until the expiry date of their term of office, without prejudice to the right of each Member State to appoint a new representative.

By way of derogation from Article 54, the Executive Director appointed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 881/2004 shall remain in office until the expiry date of his or her term of office.

3.   By way of derogation from Article 67, all employment contracts in force on 15 June 2016 shall be honoured until their expiry date.

4.   The Agency shall carry out the certification and authorisation tasks pursuant to Articles 14, 20 and 21 and the tasks referred to in Article 22 from 16 June 2019 at the latest, subject to Article 54(4) of Directive (EU) 2016/797 and Article 31(3) of Directive (EU) 2016/798.