A structured set of questions and their answers. The questions are ordered and grouped into coherent subsets, corresponding to the structure of the grouping of the underlying questions.

To support structured, hierarchical registration of data gathered using digital forms and other questionnaires.

A business identifier assigned to a particular completed (or partially completed) questionnaire.

Used for tracking, registration and other business purposes.

Indicates the Questionnaire resource that defines the form for which answers are being provided.

Needed to allow editing of the questionnaire in a manner that enforces the constraints of the original form.

The lifecycle status of the questionnaire response as a whole.

The information on Questionnaire resources may possibly be gathered during multiple sessions and altered after considered being finished. Questionnaire resources with just questions may serve as template forms, with the applicable publication statuses.

The subject of the questionnaire response. This could be a patient, organization, practitioner, device, etc. This is who/what the answers apply to, but is not necessarily the source of information.

The subject context must be known.

Person who received the answers to the questions in the QuestionnaireResponse and recorded them in the system.

Need to know who interpreted the subject's answers to the questions in the questionnaire, and selected the appropriate options for answers.

Mapping a subject's answers to multiple choice options and determining what to put in the textual answer is a matter of interpretation. Authoring by device would indicate that some portion of the questionnaire had been auto-populated.

The date and/or time that this version of the questionnaire response was authored.

Clinicians need to be able to check the date that the information in the questionnaire was collected, to derive the context of the answers.

May be different from the update time of the resource itself, because that is the status of the collection and authoring. This element is optional to allow for systems that may not know the value, however it SHOULD be populated if possible.

The person who answered the questions about the subject.

When answering questions about a subject that is minor, incapable of answering or an animal, another human source is used to answer the questions.

If not specified, no inference can be made about who provided the data.

Encounter during which this set of questionnaire response were collected. When there were multiple encounters, this is the one considered most relevant to the context of the answers.

Some institutions track questionnaires under a specific encounter.

A group of questions to a possibly similarly grouped set of questions in the questionnaire response.

Need to be able to logically group answers to grouped questions.

The Questionnaire itself has one "root" group with the actual contents of the Questionnaire.

Identifies the group from the Questionnaire that corresponds to this group in the QuestionnaireResponse resource.

Groups can repeat in the answers, so a direct 1..1 correspondence may not exist - requiring correspondence by identifier.

Text that is displayed above the contents of the group.

When including text for the questionnaire with the answers, sections may have a section header.

On the root group, this is the title of the questionnaire.

Additional text for the group, used for display purposes.

When including text for the questionnaire, each section may contain additional explanations are background text.

More specific subject this section's answers are about, details the subject given in QuestionnaireResponse.

Sometimes a group of answers is about a specific participant, artifact or piece of information in the patient's care or record, e.g. a specific Problem, RelatedPerson, Allergy etc.

A sub-group within a group. The ordering of groups within this group is relevant.

Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

Set of questions within this group. The order of questions within the group is relevant.

Must register answers to questions.

Identifies the question from the Questionnaire that corresponds to this question in the QuestionnaireResponse resource.

Groups can repeat in the answers, so a direct 1..1 correspondence may not exist - requiring correspondence by id.

The actual question as shown to the user to prompt them for an answer.

When including text for the questionnaire, each question may contain its actual question display text.

The respondent's answer(s) to the question.

The value is nested because we cannot have a repeating structure that has variable type.

The answer (or one of the answers) provided by the respondent to the question.

Ability to retain a single-valued answer to a question.

More complex structures (Attachment, Resource and Quantity) will typically be limited to electronic forms that can expose an appropriate user interface to capture the components and enforce the constraints of a complex data type. Additional complex types can be introduced through extensions.

Nested group, containing nested question for this question. The order of groups within the question is relevant.

It is useful to have "sub-questions", questions which normally appear when certain answers are given and which collect additional details.