Vicipaedia

Bitus

Multipla biti
Multipla decimalia (SI)
kilobitus103 biti (kbit)
megabitus106 biti (Mbit)
gigabitus109 biti (Gbit)
terabitus1012 biti (Tbit)
petabitus1015 biti (Pbit)
exabitus1018 biti (Ebit)
zettabitus1021 biti (Zbit)
yottabitus1024 biti (Ybit)
Multipla binaria (ISO/IEC)
kibibitus210 biti (Kibit)
mebibitus220 biti (Mibit)
gibibitus230 biti (Gibit)
tebibitus240 biti (Tebit)
pebibitus250 biti (Pebit)
exbibitus260 biti (Eibit)
zebibitus270 biti (Zibit)
yobibitus280 biti (Yibit)

Bītus[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] (bīnārius dĭgĭtus, verbum amalgamatum[1][9][10]) vel bītum[3] vel bīt[3] (indeclinabile) est singula nota numeri in systemate numerico binario in computationibus electronicis adhibito.

Telarium Bouchonianum (1725), apud Museum artium negotiorumque(fr)(d) Lutetiae ostentum.

Redactio datorum in discretos bitos primum per tesseras foratas(en)(d) a Basilio Bouchon(fr)(d) et Ioanne Baptista Falcon(fr)(d) inventas anno 1732 explorata est. Eadem excogitatio anno 1804 a Iosepho Maria Jacquard(fr)(d) (per eius “telarium(en)(d)”) perficiebatur, ac postea a Simone Korsakov(en)(d), Carolo Babbage, et Hermanno Hollerith(en)(d) adhibita est. Simili machinatione, formā taeniae foratae(en)(d), primi opifices officinarum IBM usi sunt ad data servanda.

In iis exemplis, foramina et eorum absentia (illic ubi foramen exspectabatur) utramque notam numeri in systemate binario repraesentabant.

Alphabetum Morsianum (1837) primaque instrumenta teletypica(en)(d) (1887) et bitis usa sunt ad notitias mittendas.

Anno 1928 Radulphus Hartley(en)(d) suasit ut logarithmus basi 2 eligeretur mensio informationis.[11] Verbo biti primum Claudius Elwood Shannon anno 1948 in suo commentario disceptatorio “A Mathematical Theory of Communication(en)(d)” usus est.[12][13][14] Ipse originem vocabuli Ioanni Wilder Tukey(en)(d) attribuit, qui die 9 Ianuarii 1947 notam intra Bell Labs divulgandam scripserat ubi verbo bit locutionem Anglicam binary information digit (i.e. ‘nota numeri informationis binariae’) compendii fecit.[15]

Cum ars informatica progrederetur, octobitus(en)(d) vel octetus (i.e. octonio[16] bitorum) factus est numerus minimus bitorum qui in quacumque serie datorum computatralium exsistere possunt, ideo in plerisque architecturis computatralibus octoni biti sunt minima unitas memoriae allocabilis.

In redactione(en)(d) ASCII(en)(d),[17] octonio (septenio + unibitus vacuus) adhibetur ad singulum characterem repraesentandum. In historia computatrorum aliae compages quoque exploratae sunt.[18][19]

In theoria informationis(en)(d), singulus bitus entropiam cuiuscumque fortuitae quantitatis variabilis binariae (seu quae aequali probabilitate uni aut zero tantum congruere potest) mētītur.[20] Eadem etiam est informatio acquisita cum valor variabilis fiat notus.[21][22] In honorem Claudii Elwood Shannon mathematici Michiganiensis, bitus ut unitas informationis etiam shannon appellatur.[23]

Biti indicantur litterā minusculā “b”, quae non confundenda est cum littera “B” capitanea, octonionem bitorum (Anglice byte) indicante.

Greges bitorum minimi in architectura computatrorum adhibiti

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Biti Anglice Latine Maximus numerus captus[24]
1 single bit, unibit singulus bitus, unibitus 1
2 dibit, crumb, quartic digit, quad, semi-nibble, nyp dibitus, binio (-onis, m.) – sc. “bitorum”, mica[25] 3
3 tribit, triad, triade tribitus, ternio (-onis, m.) – sim. 7
4 nibble, nybble quadribitus, quaternio (-onis, m.) 15
5 pentad, pentade quinio (-onis, m.) 31
6 hexad, hexade, sextet senio (sim.) 63
7 heptad, heptade septenio 127
8 byte, octet octobitus, octonio, octet(t)us, morsus[26] (-ūs, m.) 255
12 slab duodenio, syllaba 4095
15 parcel quindenio, fascis[27] (-is, m.) 32765
16 doublet, wyde, chawmp duplex – sc. “series bitorum” 65535
18 chomp, chawmp duodevicenio 262143
32 quadlet, tetra quadruplex – sim. 4294967295
64 octlet, octa octuplex 18446744073709551615
128 hexlet, paragraph sedecuplex, paragraphus ∼ 3.4028… × 1038
2048 page pagina ∼ 3.2317… × 10616

Redactio in notas ASCII

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Tabella redactionis in notas ASCII, e consilio pro uniformitate MIL-STD-188(en)(d) seriei 100 capta (1972).
  Conferatur pagina principalis: Redactio in notas ASCII.

In redactione in notas ASCII, octonio bitorum (septenio + unibitus vacuus) adhibetur ad singulum characterem repraesentandum. Characteres a zerensimo ad tricensimum secundum, una cum charactere centensimo vicensimo septimo, sunt metacharacteres – i.e. invisibiles notae quae peculiares iussūs praescribunt (e.g. de tono emittendo, de versu finiendo, de spatio creando, et cetera).

Redactio in notas ASCII
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
0 0000 NUL0 DLE16 SP32 048 @64 P80 `96 p112
1 0001 SOH1 DC117 !33 149 A65 Q81 a97 q113
2 0010 STX2 DC218 "34 250 B66 R82 b98 r114
3 0011 ETX3 DC319 #35 351 C67 S83 c99 s115
4 0100 EOT4 DC420 $36 452 D68 T84 d100 t116
5 0101 ENQ5 NAK21 %37 553 E69 U85 e101 u117
6 0110 ACK6 SYN22 &38 654 F70 V86 f102 v118
7 0111 BEL7 ETB23 '39 755 G71 W87 g103 w119
8 1000 BS8 CAN24 (40 856 H72 X88 h104 x120
9 1001 HT9 EM25 )41 957 I73 Y89 i105 y121
10 1010 LF10 SUB26 *42 :58 J74 Z90 j106 z122
11 1011 VT11 ESC27 +43 ;59 K75 [91 k107 {123
12 1100 FF12 FS28 ,44 <60 L76 \92 l108 |124
13 1101 CR13 GS29 -45 =61 M77 ]93 m109 }125
14 1110 SO14 RS30 .46 >62 N78 ^94 n110 ~126
15 1111 SI15 US31 /47 ?63 O79 _95 o111 DEL127

Notae

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vocabula computatralia.
  2. ↑ Cf. versionem Latinam vocabuli Hispanici bit apud Iosephum Ioannem del Col (2007). Diccionario Auxiliar Español-Latino. Sinu Albo: Institutum Superius Ioannes XXIII. p. 142. ISBN 9789509771345 [PDF].
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cf. versionem Latinam vocabuli Theodisci Bit apud Lucusaltianum, Petrum (2024). Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum: Tom. I, A–B (ed. XXIV) [PDF]. Lentiae: Petrus Lucusaltianus. p. 275.
  4. ↑ Silvia, Krukowska (mense Iulii 2010). "De lingua Latina in interreti adhibenda". Vox Latina 46 (181): 381–398 
  5. ↑ De bitis nummariis(en)(d) (Anglice bitcoins) cf. Kangiser, Paulus (20 Aprilis 2014). De novis nummis interretialibus. . Ephemeris : “… etiam putatur non unus sed grex computatralis hanc pecuniam electronicam creavisse; quid sit ergo bitus nummarius (Anglice bitcoin)?”
  6. ↑ Perné, Gualterius (6 Decembris 2011). C vocabula computatralia. . Lateinunterricht 
  7. ↑ Silvia, Krukowska (mense Iulii 2017). Łacina jako środek komunikowania treści związanych z osiągnięciami współczesnej myśli technicznej. KUBA. ISBN 978-83-89077-29-5 
  8. ↑ Numen – The Latin Lexicon – Latinitas Recens, p. 16
  9. ↑ Mackenzie, 1980, p. x.
  10. ↑ Sed, cave, verbum Anglicum digit haud digitum, sed notam numeri significat.
  11. ↑ Abramson, 1963.
  12. ↑ Shannon, Iul. 1948.
  13. ↑ Shannon, Oct. 1948.
  14. ↑ Shannon, 1949.
  15. ↑ Shannon, Iul. 1948: “The choice of a logarithmic base corresponds to the choice of a unit for measuring information. If the base 2 is used the resulting units may be called binary digits, or more briefly bits, a word suggested by J. W. Tukey.”
  16. ↑ Nomen octeti e vocabulo Hispanico octeto videtur oriri, sed fontibus caret. Suffixum -etus non est Latinum: mediaevali Latinitate suffixum -ettus (duplā litterā “t”) raro invenitur (conferatur vallettus), e suffixo classico -ittus ortum (ergo rectius octettus dicendum sit; vide etiam vocabulum Italicum ottetto). Nihilominus puriore Latinitate grex octo rerum octonio (-onis, m.) appellatur.
  17. ↑ Cf. “.writ encode, encrypt” apud Morgan, Davidem (2013). Lexicon Anglum et Latinum. Paulopolis: Darcy Carvalho. p. 495 [PDF]: “in notas redigere (HELF.)”. Etiam videatur redactus(en) apud Victionarium Anglicum et “redactus” apud Forcellini, Aegidium; Furlanetto, Iosephum red.; Corradini, Franciscum cur.; et Perin, Iosephum cur. (1733-1965). Lexicon Totius Latinitatis. Tom. IVa [PDF]. Bononiae: Arnaldus Forni. p. 39.
  18. ↑ Buchholz, Iun. 1956, cap. 7, “The Shift Matrix”: “… Most important, from the point of view of editing, will be the ability to handle any characters or digits, from 1 to 6 bits long.
    Figure 2 shows the Shift Matrix to be used to convert a 60-bit word, coming from Memory in parallel, into characters, or ‘bytes’ as we have called them, to be sent to the Adder serially. The 60 bits are dumped into magnetic cores on six different levels. Thus, if a 1 comes out of position 9, it appears in all six cores underneath. Pulsing any diagonal line will send the six bits stored along that line to the Adder. The Adder may accept all or only some of the bits.
    Assume that it is desired to operate on 4 bit decimal digits, starting at the right. The 0-diagonal is pulsed first, sending out the six bits 0 to 5, of which the Adder accepts only the first four (0–3). Bits 4 and 5 are ignored. Next, the 4 diagonal is pulsed. This sends out bits 4 to 9, of which the last two are again ignored, and so on.
    It is just as easy to use all six bits in alphanumeric work, or to handle bytes of only one bit for logical analysis, or to offset the bytes by any number of bits. All this can be done by pulling the appropriate shift diagonals. An analogous matrix arrangement is used to change from serial to parallel operation at the output of the adder. …”
  19. ↑ Buchholz, Iul. 1956, cap. 5, “Input-Output”: “… 60 is a multiple of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Hence bytes of length from 1 to 6 bits can be packed efficiently into a 60-bit word without having to split a byte between one word and the next. If longer bytes were needed, 60 bits would, of course, no longer be ideal. With present applications, 1, 4, and 6 bits are the really important cases.
    With 64-bit words, it would often be necessary to make some compromises, such as leaving 4 bits unused in a word when dealing with 6-bit bytes at the input and output. However, the LINK Computer can be equipped to edit out these gaps and to permit handling of bytes which are split between words.”
  20. ↑ Anderson, John B.; Johnnesson, Rolf (2006). Understanding Information Transmission 
  21. ↑ Haykin, Simon (2006). Digital Communications 
  22. ↑ IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement (SI Customary Inch-Pound Units, and Certain Other Units). Standards.IEEE.org (Technical report). IEEE. 2004. 260.1-2004.
  23. ↑ "How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement – Units: B" 
  24. ↑ Minimus numerus semper zerus est.
  25. ↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est (Anglice: crumb). Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.
  26. ↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est (Anglice: bite/byte). Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.
  27. ↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est (Anglice: parcel). Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.

Bibliographia

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