Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II
Online ISSN : 2186-9057
Print ISSN : 0026-1165
ISSN-L : 0026-1165
Southern Hemisphere Summer Monsoon Circulation during the 1978-79 WMONEX
Part II: Onset, Active and Break Monsoons1
Takio MurakamiAkimasa Sumi
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1982 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 649-671

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Abstract

The onset of the 1978-79 Southern Hemisphere summer monsoon at around 23 to 27 December was initiated by a series of events that occurred away from the Indonesia-Australia region. Low-level monsoon westerlies were first established over the western South Pacific (160°E-170°W, 0°-10°S) in response to the intensification of the tradewinds over the North Pacific and cross-equatorial northerlies near 170°E. The monsoon became fully established with the westward expansion of this low-level westerly regime into the Indonesian-Arafura Sea region.
The western South Pacific was also a key area for the initiation of the "break" monsoon that prevailed from around 8 to 17 February. The initial phase shift from a westerly ("active") to a predominantly easterly ("break") regime occurred over this region as a result of vorticity advection due to northerly divergent winds (low-level Hadley circulation) and planetary boundary layer friction effects.

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