¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un precio mínimo y un precio máximo?

A price ceiling is a cap on how high a price can be set, often implemented by government regulations. It's like when a city sets a limit on how much landlords can charge for rent to make housing more affordable for tenants. On the other hand, a price floor is a minimum price that can be charged, ensuring producers receive a certain level of income.

An example of a price floor is when the government sets a minimum wage, guaranteeing workers earn a certain hourly rate. These measures aim to regulate prices in the market to achieve specific economic or social goals.

A price floor is a minimum price set by the government or a regulatory body, below which a good or service cannot be sold. It's typically used to prevent prices from falling too low, ensuring that producers or sellers can cover their costs and sustain their operations. From my experience, a common example is in agriculture, where price floors are set for crops to protect farmers from market fluctuations and ensure they receive a minimum income for their produce. However, setting price floors can lead to excess supply if the floor is above the market equilibrium price, resulting in surplus goods.

The implementation of a price ceiling within the electricity sector has enabled a number of governments to keep prices low, allowing low-income households access to this basic necessity. However, the emergence of an energy crisis within a country due to the failure of a state-owned energy supplier can turn many in favour of privatization. Privatization opens the market up to other energy suppliers, introducing competition to a previously monopolized market in the hope of meeting the energy demands of a country. However, the strategy of a price ceiling would no longer be applied under private-owned energy producing entities, leaving the poor vulnerable to high electricity prices and making electricity inaccessible to such households.

A price ceiling is a maximum price set by the government or regulatory authority, above which a good or service cannot be sold. It's intended to protect consumers from prices that are deemed too high, especially for essential goods or services. In my experience, price ceilings are often applied in situations like housing markets (rent control) or during emergencies to prevent price gouging. While they can make goods more affordable, setting price ceilings can also lead to shortages if the ceiling is below the market equilibrium, as suppliers may find it unprofitable to produce or supply enough to meet demand.

As per introductory microeconomic theory, the effects of a price floor are as follows: - If the minimum price is set above the equilibrium price, it creates a surplus (quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded) because sellers are willing to supply more than consumers are willing to buy at that higher price. - The government may need to purchase the surplus or implement other measures to address the resulting market imbalances.

As per introductory microeconomic theory, the effects of a price ceiling are as follows: - If the maximum price is set below the equilibrium price, it creates a shortage (quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied) because consumers are willing to buy more than sellers are willing to supply at that lower price. If the price ceiling is set above the free market equilibrium, the ceiling is ineffective. - Shortages may lead to non-price rationing mechanisms, such as waiting lists or black markets, as consumers try to obtain the limited quantity of goods available at the controlled price.

O Brasil possui exemplos históricos de ambas as políticas, com resultados desastrosos. Uma política histórica de preço-piso foi o controle do preço de café, determinado a partir do "Convênio de Taubaté", no qual se estabeleceu que o governo compraria café a um preço fixo e o estocaria para venda futura. Com a crise de 1929, e o colapso da demanda internacional de café, o país passou a queimar os estoques, literalmente colocando fogo em recursos públicos. No caso de política de preço-teto, nada foi mais amplo nesse sentido do que o "Plano Cruzado" de 1986, que estabeleceu tabelamento amplo de preços na economia como forma de controle da inflação. O resultado foi falta generalizada de mercadorias nos supermercados.

This article provides a somewhat standard economic definition of price floors and ceilings, and yet there are many others. In price management, companies may set a "price floor" for individual products as a means to guide negotiated pricing outcomes, as well as a "Price Ceiling" as the best price to start negotiations. A third meaning fof these terms relate to budget constraints and price-to-benefit expectations of customers. In this context a "Price Floor" may be a price point that is so low that the customer doubts the quality of the offering and refuses to buy (think van Westendorp PSM) while a "Price Ceiling" may reflect a price point that is beyond the customer's budget or would deliver more benefits that they could consume.

Price Floor: It sets a minimum price for a good or service, ensuring that the price doesn't fall below a certain level. This is often used to support producers by preventing prices from getting too low. Price Ceiling: It sets a maximum price for a good or service, preventing prices from rising above a certain level. This is typically implemented to protect consumers by keeping prices from getting too high. In essence, a price floor prevents prices from going too low, while a price ceiling prevents prices from going too high.

Price floors and ceilings can have distributional impacts, benefiting or harming different groups like producers, consumers. Alternative policy approaches, such as subsidies or direct transfers, may be more efficient and less distortionary than price controls.

This is article provides a nice introductory definition to price ceilings and floors in the classical theory of perfectly competitive markets. The intuition, however, may be reversed if firms have market power, and price ceilings or floors may be welfare improving. A simple example is a monopolist that raises prices above marginal cost which creates deadweight loss and undersupply of a product. In such a case a price ceiling can be beneficial to consumers. An example of a price floor in the form of a minimum wage can also improve welfare of workers through both higher wages and higher employment rate when they face a monopsony firm. Thus, market power of firms is an important factor when thinking about a price floor or ceiling.

Price floors and ceilings can bring several benefits, but the capacity of the controlling agent must always be evaluated. These strategies aim to smooth the price-volume curve at the expense of shifting the equilibrium axis. Why pay attention to the ability of the control agent, simple, if the other agents will seek to return to balance. As it is common to hear news in the fixed exchange rate market.