𝐏𝐃𝐔 𝐒𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐇𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐈𝐍 𝟓𝐆 In my previous posts, We talked about 5G Network Entry in Radio Networks and Initial Registration. In this post, we will talk about further procedures for 𝐏𝐃𝐔 𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭. Unlike 4G where creating a default bearer is mandatory during registration, 5G doesn't mandate creating a 𝐏𝐃𝐔 𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭. So 𝐏𝐃𝐔 𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 is created as a separate procedure. During this procedure, AMF will choose SMF for further procedure, and then SMF will communicate with - 𝐔𝐃𝐌 - 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐏𝐂𝐅 - 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐔𝐏𝐅 - 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐔𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐅𝐂𝐏 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Additionally, it can also communicate with DN for any additional 𝐏𝐃𝐔 𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. Once everything is done, Is it going to send an SM-NAS message to the user to communicate acceptance of PDU session establishment request along with the IP address and other session-related details? Did we miss anything that should be communicated for this procedure? If you like this content, please follow Sanjay Kumar ↗️ and TelcoLearn #5gtraining #5gcallflow #5gpdusessionestablishment #telcolearn
TelcoLearn
Telecommunications
Bengaluru, karnataka 2,925 followers
Innovate with Confidence: Leading the Way in Telecom and Cloud
About us
About Telco Learn "Welcome to the Epicenter of Tech Mastery! Are you ready to embark on a journey that combines the most sought-after tech skills with cutting-edge innovation? Look no further! At "Telco Learn", we're your one-stop destination for expert training services and game-changing testing tools, catering to the global tech community. Our training programs cover the hottest tech topics, from the lightning-fast world of 5G and wireless connectivity to the limitless potential of cloud-native development and the data-driven universe of data science. Whether you're a budding enthusiast or a seasoned pro, our expert instructors will guide you towards mastery. We're pioneers in developing cutting-edge testing tools that empower tech professionals worldwide. Our tools redefine efficiency, accuracy, and reliability in testing, ensuring that your projects soar to new heights.
- Website
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www.telcolearn.com
External link for TelcoLearn
- Industry
- Telecommunications
- Company size
- 2-10 employees
- Headquarters
- Bengaluru, karnataka
- Type
- Privately Held
- Founded
- 2023
- Specialties
- Telecom, 5G, 5G Core, 5G NR, Open RAN, Cloud, Cloud native, Docker, Kubernetes, 5G Training , 5G Testing, 5G Consulting, 5G Manpower support, Telecom Jobs, 5G Core Testing, Content Creation, AWS, and Cloud Transformatio
Locations
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Primary
Bengaluru, karnataka 560076, IN
Employees at TelcoLearn
Updates
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𝟓𝐆 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐍𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬 In my previous post, We talked about 5G Network Entry in radio Networks alone. In this post, we will talk about further procedures involving Core Networks. 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩 𝟓 - 𝐍𝐀𝐒 𝐒𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠: Once the RRC connection is completed, The UE sends the first message to the core network to request for Initial registration. During this message, the user shares his identity which can be SUCI or GUTI. Based on the identity, the Serving Network will reach out to the Home Network for Authentication and Authorization. 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩 𝟔- 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲: The network authenticates the UE and establishes security keys to protect subsequent communication. This involves mutual authentication using the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) procedure. 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩 𝟕 - 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞: The registration complete message will provide all the info to the user to access the network and the details required for creating a PDU session. User will store this info with it and use it for any future reference. 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩 𝟖 - 𝐏𝐃𝐔 𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭. If you like this content, please follow Sanjay Kumar ↗️ and TelcoLearn. 𝕻𝖑𝖊𝖆𝖘𝖊 𝖑𝖎𝖐𝖊, 𝖈𝖔𝖒𝖒𝖊𝖓𝖙 𝖆𝖓𝖉 𝖘𝖍𝖆𝖗𝖊 𝖋𝖔𝖗 𝖇𝖊𝖙𝖙𝖊𝖗 𝖗𝖊𝖆𝖈𝖍. #5g #5gcallflow #5gtraining
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Technology Trends Outlook 2024 Here’s a concise overview of key technology trends for 2024: 1. AI and Generative AI: AI will continue to evolve with more advanced generative models (like GPT-4/5) enhancing automation, content creation, and personalized experiences across industries, from healthcare to finance. 2. Quantum Computing: Progress in quantum computing research will lead to breakthroughs in cryptography, materials science, and complex problem-solving, though practical, large-scale applications remain a few years away. 3. 5G/6G Expansion: The roll-out of 5G will expand globally, enabling faster, more reliable connections for IoT devices, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities. 6G research will accelerate with a focus on ultra-low latency and terabit speeds. 4. Blockchain and Web3: Blockchain technology will expand beyond cryptocurrencies, influencing supply chains, voting systems, and decentralized finance (DeFi). Web3 applications, including decentralized social platforms, will see growth. 5. Cybersecurity: As cyber threats grow more sophisticated, there will be a greater emphasis on AI-driven cybersecurity tools, zero-trust models, and data privacy regulations to protect against evolving threats. 6. Metaverse and XR (Extended Reality): Metaverse platforms and XR technologies (AR/VR) will continue developing, offering new opportunities for remote work, entertainment, and education, though mainstream adoption is still evolving. 7. Edge Computing and IoT: As IoT devices proliferate, edge computing will reduce latency, process data locally, and improve efficiency in industries like manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation. 8. Sustainable Tech: Technologies supporting sustainability, such as renewable energy, carbon capture, and green computing, will gain traction as businesses and governments prioritize climate goals. These trends reflect continued technological convergence, with AI and sustainability taking center stage in shaping the future. "Contact us to explore ways to grow and succeed in the telecom industry, Share and repost to help spread knowledge far and wide." Follow us on TelcoLearn Sanjay Kumar ↗️ for more updates #TechnologyTrendsOutlook2024 #AIRevolution #BuildingtheDigitalFuture #ComputeandConnectivityFrontiers
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𝟓𝐆 𝐍𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞 5G Network Entry refers to the process and procedures involved in connecting a user device to a 5G network. This involves several steps and interactions between the device (User Equipment, UE) and the network infrastructure (including the gNB, which is the 5G base station, and the core network). 𝑯𝒆𝒓𝒆'𝒔 𝒂 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉-𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒘 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 5𝑮 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔: 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 1 -𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: The UE searches for available cells and selects the best one based on signal strength and quality. This involves synchronization with the cell's primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS and SSS). 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 2 - 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑨𝒄𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: The UE decodes the Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Blocks (SIBs) to get essential information about the network, such as cell identity, configuration parameters, and access restrictions. 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 3 - 𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒎 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒆 (𝑹𝑨𝑪𝑯): The UE initiates a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure to request access to the network. This involves sending a RACH preamble to the gNB. The gNB responds with a Random Access Response (RAR), which includes timing advance information and an uplink grant for the UE to send its initial message. 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 4- 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕: RRC Connection Setup: The UE sends an RRC Connection Request message to the gNB, which responds with an RRC Connection Setup message. The UE then sends an RRC Connection Setup Complete message to confirm the connection. NAS Signaling: The UE and the core network exchange Non-Access Stratum (NAS) messages for authentication and security procedures. This includes the Authentication Request/Response and Security Mode Command/Complete messages. 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 4 - 𝑨𝒖𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 5 - 𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒆𝒈𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 6 - 𝑷𝑫𝑼 𝑺𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒖𝒑 Steps 4, 5 &6 will be discussed in the following posts. For more content like this, Please follow Sanjay Kumar ↗️ and TelcoLearn
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Telco Wishlist for 2025 TelcoLearn Sanjay Kumar ↗️ #Telcos #TelecomOperators #5GNetwork #5GServices #6G #TechnologyExpectations
Telco Wishlist for 2025
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Telecom Review The December 2024 issue of Telecom Review covers the latest advancements in the telecom industry, focusing on emerging technologies and global connectivity trends: 1. LEO Satellites: Low Earth Orbit satellites are improving global communication, offering faster networks and connecting remote areas, especially for disaster response. 2. PanoRadar: A new technology that allows robots to "see" through smoke and fog, enhancing search-and-rescue and industrial automation. 3. Drones: The "Palletrone" drone can navigate tough terrains, helping with cargo transport, disaster relief, and environmental monitoring. 4. Cybersecurity: The EU's BlueOLEx simulation trains experts to prepare for large-scale cyberattacks, emphasizing the need for proactive security. 5. Digital Yuan: China is introducing a physical version of its digital currency, the digital yuan, marking a step forward in digital finance. 6. Sustainability in Space: Japan launched the first wooden satellite, using biodegradable materials to reduce space debris. 7. Smartphone Market: Global smartphone shipments grew by 5% in Q3 2024, showing recovery and increased demand in the mobile sector. The issue highlights how technological advancements are driving connectivity, automation, and cybersecurity improvements globally. "Contact us to explore ways to grow and succeed in the telecom industry, Share and repost to help spread knowledge far and wide." Follow us on TelcoLearn Sanjay Kumar ↗️ for more updates #Telecom #TelecomReview #QatartotheWorld #TelecomIndustry
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Autonomous networks Autonomous networks refer to self-managing, self-healing, and self-optimizing network systems that operate with minimal human intervention. These networks leverage advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and automation to autonomously handle tasks such as traffic management, fault detection, performance optimization, and security. The goal is to create more efficient, adaptive, and scalable networks that can respond to changing conditions in real-time while reducing the need for manual configuration and intervention. Autonomous Networks are self-managing systems that use AI, machine learning, and automation to optimize network operations. Key points: 1. Self-Management: Autonomous networks can configure, monitor, and maintain themselves with minimal human intervention. 2. Automation: Network tasks like traffic routing, optimization, and fault detection are automated, improving efficiency. 3. AI and Machine Learning: AI/ML algorithms enable networks to learn from data, adapt to changing conditions, and make decisions independently. 4. Self-Healing: These networks can automatically detect and fix issues (e.g., network failures or congestion) without manual input. 5. Scalability: They can easily scale up to accommodate growth without requiring significant manual reconfiguration. 6. Improved Performance: Autonomous networks can optimize performance in real-time, balancing loads, managing traffic, and ensuring quality of service. 7. Reduced Human Error: By automating processes, these networks minimize the risk of human errors in configuration and maintenance. 8. Enhanced Security: AI-driven networks can detect and respond to security threats faster and more effectively. "Share and repost to help spread knowledge far and wide. Together, we can make valuable information accessible to everyone!" Follow us on TelcoLearn Sanjay Kumar ↗️ for more updates #AutonomousNetworks #AI #artificialintelligence #ML #machinelearning
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🎄🎅 𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐦𝐚𝐬 🎄🎅 - TelcoLearn
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Tech Trends 2024 1. Generative AI Expansion: AI tools like ChatGPT and DALL·E will continue to evolve, with increased integration in content creation, marketing, healthcare, and customer service. 2. Quantum Computing Progress: While still in its early stages, quantum computing will make strides toward practical applications, especially in industries like cybersecurity and pharmaceuticals. 3. 5G and Beyond: The rollout of 5G networks will enhance mobile internet speed and support IoT growth. Research into 6G is already underway, promising even faster connections and more immersive tech experiences. 4. AI-Driven Automation: Automation will expand in industries like manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare, with AI enhancing efficiency and reducing human error. 5. Extended Reality (XR): Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality will see more mainstream adoption, especially in gaming, education, and remote work. 6. Blockchain and Web3: Beyond cryptocurrency, blockchain will find more use cases in supply chain, digital identity, and decentralized applications (dApps). 7. Cybersecurity Evolution: With more data online, the demand for advanced cybersecurity solutions will grow, leveraging AI for threat detection and response. 8. Sustainable Tech: Innovations focusing on clean energy, electric vehicles, and carbon-neutral tech solutions will grow as the world focuses on sustainability. 9. AI Ethics and Regulation: As AI's influence grows, there will be more discussion and policies regarding its ethical use, including transparency, privacy, and bias. 10. Personalized Healthcare: Wearables, AI diagnostics, and gene editing will push healthcare toward more personalized, preventative care solutions. Please feel free to share and repost to stay updated with more insightful posts. Follow us on TelcoLearn Sanjay Kumar ↗️ for more updates #TechTrends2024 #GenAI #GenerativeAI #5G