[en] This greenhouse study conducted on a Mediterranean Terra Rose soil in an unheated plastic greenhouse was designed to investigate the response of drip-irrigated tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and peppers (Capsicum annum) to four nitrogen levels continually applied with irrigation stream. Water containing 0,67,134 or 201 mgN/l and uniformly supplied with 80 and 240 mg/l of P and K, respectively, were applied two times a week. Three adjacent plants in each plot were fertigated with N¹⁵ labeled NH₄S₂O₄ (2% a.e. enrichment). For each plant the amount of water, P, K and the N¹⁵ applied through the bottles was to that amount applied through a single dripper. In addition to the fertigation soil application of 400 kgN/ha was included with three adjacent plants in each plot were fertilized receiving N¹⁵ labeled (3.3 % a.e. enrichment) The total amount of water applied was 392 mm and the resulting N application totals ranged from 200 to 600 kgN/ha. According to the results obtained, the maximum yield of tomatoes and peppers were achieved with 67 mgN/l (200 kgN/ha) treatment. The percentage fertilizer utilization by tomatoes was highest with 67 mgN/l (200 kgN/ha), which was followed by 134 mgN/l (400 kgN/ha) .The percentage fertilizer utilization was the lowest with 201 mgN/l (600 kgN/ha) or soil application (400 kgN/ha). The results indicated that the percentage fertilizer utilization of tomatoes was significantly greater by the fertigation than the soil application of N at the same level fertilization (400 kgN/ha). The fertilizer N uptake by peppers was significantly greater with 134 mgN/l (400 kgN/ha) than the other applications. The results indicated that although the percentage fertilizer utilization was the same, the fertilizer N uptake by peppers was significantly greater with the fertigation than the soil application of N at the same level fertilization (400 kgN/ha)

[en] In order to determine the Nsub^2-fixation capacities of lentil, vetch, chickpea and fodderpea in a legume-wheat rotation by using the A-value method of N¹⁵ technique, and to assess the amount of carry-over of N to wheat from the previous legume as well as water contribution of fallow, wheat and legumes to the following wheat under rainfed Central Anatolia conditions field experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1993 at three different provinces using completely randomized block design with 5 replications. Results we obtained showed that %Ndff values among legumesdid not differ significantly neither within or between locations. Legumesvaried significantly (P<0.05) in their %Ndfa values at each location and highest values of %Ndfa were obtained at Eskisehir. In general, %Ndfa varied from59-84, and 36-85 for chickpea,lentils and vetchs. The evaluation of the yield and N data obtained in 1993 indicated that lentil (winter or summer) -wheat rotation at Ankara and Eskisehir conditions and chickpea-wheat rotation at Konya conditions should be prefered, due to the higher seed and total yields, higher N yields and higher %NUE values obtained from these rotations in comparison to the others. In order to estimate the carry-over of nitrogen from legumes to the succeeding wheat crop, % nitrogen derived from unknown (%Ndfu) were also calculated. Highest amount of carry-over from the legumesto the succeeding wheat were 31.1 kgN/ha from summer lentil at Ankara; 16.9 kgN/ha from summer lentil at Eskisehir; and 8.0 kgN/ha from chickpea at Konya. These results obtined showed that a lentil-wheat rotation at Ankara and Eskisehir and a chickpea-wheat rotation at Konya. Mean while, the evaluation of the soil and WUE data at both Eskisehir and Ankara indicated that winter lentil-wheat rotation should be prefered in these areas due to more efficient use of water by wheat crop after this rotation system

[en] In this study, activities of radioactive polonium and natural radionuclide concentrations in fertilizer most consumed in agricultural lands in Turkey were measured. Fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium increase yield and quality. But, they contain some radionuclides. These radionuclides dissolve in water and first transport into plants and then transport from plants to humans. In the latest years, artificial fertilizing has replaced natural fertilizing in agriculture. Therefore, fruits and vegetables contain radionuclides those are found in artificial fertilizers. In this study, electrochemical deposition technique with alpha counting method was used for determining the radioactivity level of polonium in fertilizers. Radium, potassium and thorium concentrations were measured by gamma spectrometry. TSP, MAP, DSP,MKP, (15-15-15), (18-18-18), (20-20-20) compost fertilizers consumed at most has been analyzed and the results were evaluated with respect to human health

[en] Highlights: • Fungi in boreal pine forests are routinely exposed to N fertilization. • Most studies are usually restricted to the upper organic soil horizon. • Effects of N were analyzed in tree roots and in adjacent soil, in all soil horizons. • Fungal diversity increased in organic soil but was unaffected in mineral horizons. • Fungal diversity in roots decreased in all three horizons. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a routine practice in boreal forests but its effects on fungal functional guilds in Pinus sylvestris forests are still incompletely understood. Sampling is often restricted to the upper organic horizons and based on DNA extracted from mixtures of soil and roots without explicitly analysing different spatial niches. Fungal community structure in soil and roots of an 85-y-old Pinus sylvestris forest was investigated using high throughput sequencing. Fertilized plots had been treated with a single dose of N fertilizer, 15 months prior to sampling. Species richness of fungi colonizing roots was reduced in all horizons by N fertilization. In contrast, species richness of soil fungi in the organic horizon was increased by N fertilization, but unaffected in the mineral horizons. Community composition of fungi colonizing roots differed from that of soil fungi, and both communities were significantly influenced by soil horizon and N. The ectomycorrhizal community composition in both roots and soil was significantly affected by N fertilization but no significant effect was found on saprotrophic fungi. The results highlight the importance of analysing the rhizosphere soil and root compartments separately since the fungal communities in these two niches appear to respond differently to environmental perturbations involving the addition of nitrogen.

[en] In response to the Ministry of agriculture’s action plan for chemical fertilizer reductions and organic fertilizers instead of fertilizersand discuss the optimum consumption and proportion of peanut biochar-based fertilization.Six different fertilization treatments were set up:C40, C50(standard consumption), C60, C40+M, C30+M and C20+M. Seelding height, chlorophyll content and total biomass were also measured on 6th, 2017. The results showed that C20+M treatment had the highest plant height and the highest biomass in Peanut Seedlings, while the content of chlorophyll increased with the amount of biochar applied. (paper)

[en] The manual of inorganic solid fertilizers of Costa Rica presents as first the description of some nutritious characteristics of the main ones, such as functions, content, forms, symptoms of deficiency among others. Some of the chemical physical characteristics of the included materials were used as prime materials. There is also in the Manual a listing of the main sources fertilizers used in Costa Rica, as well as the main processes of production of fertilizers, while they are considered several listings with the products that the different commercial houses have to disposition of the publish. Finally a summary of the imports of fertilizers is made in Costa Rica during the years 1998, 1999 and 2000, to finish with the general listing of all the products fertilizers registered in Costa Rica, under the order N-P₂O₅-K₂O. (Author)

[en] Land salinization is one of the major desertification processes in Pakistan. Salinization occurs both naturally and as a result of human activities. Salinity has very adverse social, economic and health problems. Field studies were carried out to quantify the impact of addition of potassium chloride [muriate of potash (MOP)] fertilize on the accumulation and distribution of chloride in the soil profile. The treatments were consisted of 0, 57, 114 and 228 kg Cl ha/sup -1/ in form of MOP fertilizer. Cotton crop was used as test crop. The total quantity of applied irrigation water and total precipitation was 2581 m/sup 3/ ha/sup -1/ and 86 mm, respectively. Results showed that application of 228 kg Cl ha/sup -1/ raised the level of Cr from 4.9 to 7.2 meq L/sup -1/ in the upper 0-30 cm soil profile. Chloride content was higher at lower depths because of addition of 57 to 228 kg Cl ha/sup -l/ in the form of MOP. The addition K-fertilizer in the form of MOP raised the level of Cl content by 76.5 percent over added of the same quantity in the form of potassium sulphate [sulphate of potash (SOP)]. These studies show that continuous application of MOP would lead to accumulation of Cl in the soils. This is more particularly in the arid environment of Multan, where rainfall is scanty and insufficient to leach down Cl to the lower soil horizons. (author)

[en] Highlights: • Geographic distance-community similarity presented strong distance-decay relationship. • Dispersal limitation dominated in phoD-harboring bacterial community assembly • More conflicting bacterial interaction exhibited in organic fertilization treatment • Organic fertilization treatment presented significantly higher EMF. • phoD-harboring bacterial community assembly could be a biotic indicator for EMF. Elucidating the association between the phoD-harboring bacterial community and soil ecosystem multifunctionality, which is crucial for the comprehension of the phoD-harboring bacterial role and contribution in agro-ecosystems, is an essential but rarely investigated subject. Here, we explored the phoD-harboring bacterial community in long-term fertilized soils using amplicon sequencing and multiple analysis methods including the null, neutral, and niche breadth models. We found distance-decay relationships of community similarities against geographical distance on a large spatial scale. Community dissimilarity was significantly lower in the organic fertilization treatment (M) than that in the no (CK) and mineral (NPK) fertilizer treatments. Dispersal limitation governed community assembly in CK, M, NPK, and whole samples, with corresponding relative contributions of 58.2%, 58.3%, 52.8%, and 54.4%, respectively. Electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic phosphorus, and available phosphorus were responsible for the community assembly of phoD-harboring bacteria. Multiple model analysis revealed that the phoD-harboring bacterial community was less constrained by the environment and presented flexible metabolism in soils with the M fertilization treatment. phoD-harboring bacteria presented more conflicting interaction and exhibited significantly higher ecosystem multifunctionality in soils with the M fertilization treatment than that in the CK and NPK fertilization treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a less environment-constrained phoD-harboring bacterial community might lead to a larger difference in ecosystem multifunctionality in fertilized soils. Therefore, we suggest phoD-harboring bacterial community assembly could be a biotic indicator for evaluating soil ecosystem multifunctionality.

[en] Present article is devoted to study of nitrogen influence on potato yield. The potato belongs to number of the major agricultural crops and has specific requirements for root nutrition. This important biological feature causes a weak root system. For normal growth, development and yield accumulation potatoes needs more nutrients. High yields of potatoes prepared by introducing organic and mineral fertilizers. Application of the increased doses of nitrogen fertilizers leads to powerful development of aboveground mass. (author)

[en] A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at IARI farm, New Delhi to evaluate the effect of FYM and sulphur on fertilizer N utilisation by wheat. The experiment was laid down in a randomized block design with three replications at three levels of substitution of recommended N by FYM, 50, 25 and 0 percent and three levels of sulphur 0, 20 and 40 kg S ha^-1 to wheat. Twenty five percent substituted N through FYM recorded highest grain yield. Sulphur application resulted in 2-6 percent increase in yield, fertilizer N utilization ranged from 33 to 45.7 percent and fertilizer N recovery was 66 to 94.5 percent. Higher fertilizer N recovery was associated wth lower rate of fertilizer N application. FYM and S application increased fertilizer N recovery in wheat by 12-22 percent and 2-9 percent, respectively. (author)