[en] The characteristic X-ray intensities of Ag-L_α, L_β1, L_β2 and L_γ1 are measured in electron-impact ionization at energy of 10 keV. The emission angle in this work ranges from 0° to 20° at interval of 5°. The angular dependence of L X-ray intensity ratios has been investigated for L_α / L_β1, L_β2 / L_β1 and L_γ1 / L_β1. It is found from the experimental results that the emissions of L_β1, L_β2 and L_γ1 X-rays are spatially isotropic, while the L_α X-rays exhibit anisotropic emission. Consequently, the alignment behavior of vacancy states is discussed with thorough analysis of vacancy transfer process. - Highlights: • Only the Lα X-rays are found to be spatially anisotropic in the measurement. • The alignment of L₃-subshell is influenced by vacancy transfer process. • Different alignment behaviors in previous work have been clarified.

[en] We report on the 2020 reactivation of the energetic high magnetic field pulsar PSR J1846–0258 and its pulsar wind nebula (PWN) after 14 yr of quiescence with new Chandra and Green Bank Telescope observations. The emission of short-duration bursts from J1846–0258 was accompanied by an enhancement of X-ray persistent flux and significant spectral softening, similar to those observed during its first bursting episode in 2006. The 2020 pulsar spectrum is described by a power-law model with a photon index Γ = 1.7 ± 0.3 in comparison to a Γ = 1.2 ± 0.1 before outburst, and shows evidence of an emerging thermal component with blackbody temperature kT = 0.7 ± 0.1 keV. The 0.5–10 keV unabsorbed flux increased from ${5.4}_{-<!--\; ???\; -->0.5}^{+0.4}$ × 10⁻¹² erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ in quiescence to ${1.3}_{-<!--\; ???\; -->0.2}^{+0.3}$ × 10⁻¹¹ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ following the outburst. We did not detect any radio pulsations from the pulsar at 2 GHz, and we place an upper limit of 7.1 μJy and 55 mJy for the coherent pulsed emission and single pulses, respectively. The 2020 PWN spectrum, characterized by a photon index of 1.92 ± 0.04 and X-ray luminosity of (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10³⁵ erg s⁻¹ at a distance of 5.8 kpc, is consistent with those observed before the outburst. An analysis of regions closer to the pulsar shows small-scale time variabilities and brightness changes over the 20 yr period from 2000 to 2020, while the photon indices did not change. We conclude that the outburst in PSR J1846–0258 is a combination of crustal and magnetospheric effects, with no significant burst-induced variability in its PWN based on the current observations.

[en] Classical dynamics simulations of sputtering have been carried out for 3 keV Ar projectiles incident on Cu(1 0 0) crystallite targets with a range of lateral and vertical dimensions. The purpose of the simulations was to document the effects of containment failure on the predicted sputter yields and to establish criteria for convergence of the predicted sputtering properties to asymptotic values. Failure of lateral containment produces sputter yield errors due to both lateral truncation of the target (which understates yields) and to sputtering from the edge faces of the target crystallite (which overstates yields). Failure of vertical containment understates sputter yields. For practical purposes, sputter yield containment can be achieved using a 12-layer Cu(1 0 0) target with 441 atoms per layer, provided that the contribution from atoms originating from the crystallite edge faces is excluded from the sputter yield estimates

[en] The assignment of the value for spin to a large number of resonances makes it possible to study various quantities as a function of the two spin states, J = I ± 1/2. The authors observed, in particular, the strength function S₀ for target nuclei of spin I = 1/2 (Y, Ag, Tm, Pt). S₀ is the same for the spins J = 0 and J = 1. For target nuclei of spin I = 3/2 (Cl, Cu, Ga, As, Br, Ba, Au), S₀ for spin state J=2 is twice as large as for J = 1. There is a discussion of the results obtained in the energy range of a few keV. (author)

[en] Electron and nuclear transitions in the nuclear excitation by electron transition (NEET) process have been investigated. The NEET transitions for nuclei are presented in a table in which the electron and nuclear transitions, their transition energies, transition multipoles, and nuclear spin angular momentum are given. The elements are listed for which the difference between the electron and nuclear transition energy is <5 keV, because the NEET probability will be appreciable if the electron transition energy is close to the nuclear transition one. As both the experimental and theoretical studies for NEET are at an early stage, only the elements and their parameters related to NEET are listed here. The present compilation, however, provides a useful direction for future studies of NEET and its applications to nuclear science

[en] Complete text of publication follows. Investigations of the interactions of highly charged ions (HCI) with internal surfaces recently became available due to the advances in the fabrication of nano-, micro-, and macrocapillaries. In contrast to the case of metallic capillaries, the experiments with insulating ones showed not only directional guiding of the ions, but also the remarkable fact that the ions keep their initial charge state as a consequence of a self-organized charge-up inside the capillary. Following the pioneering work of Stolterfoht et al. several groups studied the ion guiding through insulating foils with randomly distributed capillaries or ordered arrays of regular nanocapillaries. It follows from the type of the used samples, collective effects due to the presence of neighboring capillaries must be taken into account for an accurate simulation of the ion trajectories. These collective effects make a full theoretical description of the interaction between charged particles and insulator capillary walls rather difficult. In order to obtain an easier situation for comparison with simulation, we investigated the transmission of Ar⁹⁺ ions through a single, cylindrical-shaped glass capillary of macroscopic dimensions, thus avoiding these collective effects. For our investigations we used a single macroscopic glass capillary with a total length of 11.4 mm, the inner diameter was 170 μm, which corresponds to an aspect ratio of about 67. The capillary was produced in the ATOMKI, Debrecen. The measurements were carried out using HCI beams produced by the 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source in Vienna. In this work we investigated the transmission of 4.5 keV Ar⁹⁺ ions through the capillary as a function of the tilting angle of the capillary, φ (Fig. 1.) as well as the angular distributions of the transmitted ions. Fig. 1. shows the transmission of ions through the capillary as a function of tilt angle, covering a range of roughly +/- 3 deg. The results strongly support that the guiding effect known from nano-capillaries is also valid up to macroscopic dimensions of the order of mm, so an electric guiding field can also build-up inside a macro-scale single capillary, and thereby slow highly charged ions can be transmitted through the macrocapillary, keeping their initial charge state in a similar manner as for the case of nanocapillaries for tilt angles up to roughly 5 deg. The charging-up of the insulating wall material could be observed in time-dependent transmission measurements

[en] The scientific objective of the S17 payloads was to study the ionosphere during auroral situations and especially with regards to the local fine structure and a possible separation of spatial and temporal variations of auroral phenomena. The intensities of 8 keV and 2 keV electrons have been measured from one sounding rocket launched into a breakup aurora of moderate activity and from another rocket launched into a very active substorm situation. Both the rockets were of mother-daughter type i.e. had two separated payloads. The general features in the data of different particle energies were very similar over the whole flight time of the rockets. Special events and gradients and well identifiable shapes in the particle intensities were studied to see if the intensity fluctuations obtained from two detectors in one payload or from detectors into separate payloads were time delayed. Such time delays in the particle flux intensities were obvious in both of the rocket measurements and most of these time shifts could be understood as caused by spatial variations in the particle precipitation. In parts of the rocket flights the particle intensity variations were true temporal changes. The time lags between 8 keV and 2 keV electron intensities detected in the same payload, which could be observed and were obtained by crosscorrelation analyses, were in the range less than 0.3 s and most of them less than 0.1 s. If the time differences are assumed to be caused by the velocity dispersion of the particles, the particle data reported here placed the modulation source at a distance of less than 10 000 km from the rocket position. Measurements at the S17-1 mother payload of the electric field have been compared with data of precipitating electrons and low-light-level-TV-recording of the auroral situation. An inverted-V precipitation event was observed and was associated with auroral arcs and with reversals of the measured electric field components implicating the possibility of the existence of field-aligned potential drops as an acceleration mechanism for the precipitating auroral particles. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Highlights: • SDCT provides excellent image quality at low keV levels. • SDCT enables the assessment of arteries in venous phase. • MonoE imaging from SDCT showed distinct different luminal diameters than conventional imaging. - Abstract: ObjectivesTo investigate the utilization of virtual mono-energetic images (MonoE) at low kiloelectron volt (keV) levels derived from a dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) for the assessment of abdominal arteries in venous contrast phase scans using arterial phase imaging as an internal reference standard.

No abstract available