[en] The technologies developed from 1973 on rational use, conservation and efficiency in the use of energy updated in a framework of sustain ability energetic and environment protection, it has not taken into account the concepts of quality of energy within of any energetic system (Source - Technology - Final Use), neither the favorable economic and technical implications of adopting the concepts of the Exergy and of exegetic efficiency, derivatives from the Second Law of the Thermodynamic, those which should be included as methods in the environmental and economic technical evaluations of an energetic system. This article presents the basic development of the concepts referenced from the Zero Law of the Thermodynamic, illustrating with examples the advantages to incorporate them as valuation and comparison parameters

[en] Works devoted to the development of calculation methods in the Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics at the Chemistry Department of Moscow State University are briefly reviewed. The main stages of this activity are described. The names of the scientists who contributed most to the development of these studies are given, along with the most valuable results of the last 60 years.

[en] The selection of the extractant is an important consideration for the design of liquid–liquid extraction processes. Researchers are paying more attention to a priori predictions of liquid–liquid equilibria. The predictive and fully open-source thermodynamic model COSMO-SAC (conductor-like screening model-segment activity coefficient) uses quantum chemical calculations for calculating activity coefficients and thermodynamic properties. Through a brief review of the recent advances of COSMO-SAC in predicting liquid–liquid equilibrium of ionic liquid systems, this work assessed the accuracy of prediction for different chemical family combinations and generated directions for future improvement.

[en] The properties of the ideal gas of classical (nonquantum) tachyons are considered. Starting from the definition of thermodynamic functions for this system, it may be found that tachyons and bradyons gases are similar. (AA)

[en] The final assembly of planets involves mutual collisions of large similar-sized protoplanets (“giant impacts”), setting the stage for modern geologic and atmospheric processes. However, thermodynamic consequences of impacts in diverse (exo)planetary systems/models are poorly understood. Impact velocity in “self-stirred” systems is proportional to the mass of the colliding bodies (v _imp ∝ M ^1/3), providing a predictable transition to supersonic collisions in roughly Mars-sized bodies. In contrast, nearby larger planets, or migrating gas giants, stir impact velocities, producing supersonic collisions between smaller protoplanets and shifting outcomes to disruption and nonaccretion. Our particle hydrocode simulations suggest that thermodynamic processing can be enhanced in merging collisions more common to calmer dynamical systems due to post-impact processes that scale with the mass of the accreting remnant. Thus, impact heating can involve some contribution from energy scaling, a departure from pure velocity-scaling in cratering scenarios. Consequently, planetary thermal history depends intimately on the initial mass distribution assumptions and dynamical conditions of formation scenarios. In even the gentlest pairwise accretions, sufficiently large bodies feature debris fields dominated by melt and vapor. This likely plays a critical role in the observed diversity of exoplanet systems and certain debris disks. Furthermore, we suggest solar system formation models that involve self-stirred dynamics or only one to a few giant impacts between larger-than-Mars-sized bodies (e.g., “pebble accretion”) are more congruent with the “missing mantle problem” for the main belt, as we demonstrate debris would be predominantly vapor and thus less efficiently retained due to solar radiation pressure effects.

[en] After completing their introductory studies on thermodynamics at the university level, typically in a second-year university course, most students show a number of misconceptions. In this work, we identify some of those erroneous ideas and try to explain their origins. We also give a suggestion to attack the problem through a systematic and detailed study of various thermodynamic cycles. In the meantime, we derive some useful relations.

No abstract available

[en] The thermodynamical analysis has shown that at ultralow temperatures the chemical energy of an exothermic reaction mixture can recover to result in the reaction becoming asymptotic or oscillatory. If the recovery is chemomechanical (alternating accumulation and relaxation of the reaction strain) spatial autowaves arise. If the recovery is thermochemical, then there are two possibilities. Supercritical self-heating in the reaction zone causes temperature autowaves. Subcritical self-heating in the reaction zone makes the reaction run asymptotically: its velocity stabilizes on a non-zero level and does not change with further cooling

[en] In the present review, thermodynamic data for beryllium, its compounds and alloys, are presented both in individual discussions of experimental measurements on specific substances and in critically compiled tables of selected thermodynamic properties. In preparing these data, reference has been made to various publications containing assessed thermodynamic values, in particular the JANAF Thermochemical Tables [1], Report No.10004 [2] and Technical Note TN 270-6 [3] from the National Bureau of Standards, and Selected Values of Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys by Hultgren et al. (author)

[en] In order to clarify the thermodynamic properties of Si in ferritic Fe-Si alloy, equilibrium experiments were carried out with Fe-Si foils and Ag-Si alloys. The activity coefficient of Si at infinite dilute solution and the self-interaction parameters of Si were investigated from the distribution equilibrium of Si between the Fe and the Ag alloys. The self-interaction parameters of Si in the ferritic Fe-Si alloy were determined from 1323 K to 1423 K as follows: $${\mathrm{\epsilon <!--\; ??\; -->}}_{\text{Si}}^{\text{Si}}=-<!--\; ???\; -->\frac{44065.8}{T}+3.17$$