[en] The clock’s strength is in numbers; instead of ticking to the rhythm of a single atom, it synchronizes with thousands of atoms at once

[en] The 32-channel time-to-digital converter M1102 Multihit TDC is described. The time measurement is based on the direct transformation method. The presence of the digital interpolator permits one to achieve the time resolution of 2 ns, for 64 MHz clock. The dead time of the measuring channel composes 80 ns, the time measuring range - 8 μs. The time measurement is possible in the regimes of 'general start' and 'general stop'. The module is manufactured in the CAMAC standard

No abstract available

[en] Time interval meter is designed for measurement of single and repeating time intervals as well as for duration of pauses between pulses. Time-amplitude-time conversion is used to increase the measurement accuracy of the device. Measurement range for time intervals constitutes 0-10^-4 s, measurement error of time intervals - +- 0.05 ns, pause measurement range -0-1 s

No abstract available

[en] In this paper, a versatile time and charge measurement (MQT) board for muon tomography is described in detail. For time measurement, the general-purpose time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip TDC-GP2 is employed, while for charge measurement, digitization plus numerical integration in field programmable gate array is employed. Electronic tests demonstrate that the total 32 channels of two MQT boards have a time resolution of superior than 100 ps, with excellent linearity for time and charge measurement. (authors)

[en] The measuring of very short times has recently become increasingly important. In this paper the authors describe their studies on the various parts of a timing system in an attempt to improve its parameters. The detector system, i.e. the transit time differences of the photomultipliers, the construction of the divider network, the various types of timing discriminators, the time-to-pulse height converters and the gating system were investigated. Two types of constant fraction discriminators are introduced: one for general timing applications, the other placed inside the detector head for positron lifetime measurements. (author)

[en] A 1152 channel timing system used with a large electromagnetic calorimeter is described. Analysis of the timing information from the vertical and horizontal elements of the calorimeter yielded values for the position coordinates of the showers. This information was used to resolve ambiguities in the pattern recognition arising from multiple showers. A resolution of better than 0.25 ns for all channels was achieved. The calibration methods employed to maintain this resolution over several years are discussed. (orig.)

[en] An electronic device to measure interval time density distributions of subsequent pulses in nuclear detectors and their electronics is described. The device has a pair-pulse resolution of 10 ns and 25 ns for 3 subsequent input signals. The conversion range is 4096 channels and the lowest channel width is 10 ns. Counter dead times, single and in series were studied and compared with the statistical model. True count rates were obtained from an exponential fit through the interval-time distribution

[en] The new measurement algorithm for the converter of time to digital with the high time resolution is proposed. The time measurement is based on the multiphase direct transformation method. The new algorithm permits one to achieve the time resolution of ±T_e/2M, for a clock-period of T_e