[en] The density of solutions of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in monoethanolamine (MEA) is measured using an oscillation-type density meter in the 0–0.5 mole fraction range of DMSO concentrations and the 5–65°C range of temperatures. Excess molar volumes of the mixture, apparent molar volumes of DMSO and MEA, partial molar volumes, and excess partial molar volumes of DMSO in a mixture in the investigated range of temperatures are calculated. The concentration and temperature dependences of the calculated values are discussed in terms of the presence of solvophobic effects in the studied solutions. The results are compared to the solvophobic effects in aqueous and ethylene glycol solutions of DMSO. A conclusion is drawn regarding the weaker solvophobic effects of DMSO in MEA when compared to water and ethylene glycol, and about the possible reaction in the investigated system.

[en] Highlights: • Apparent molal volumes of five isomers of Bu₄NBr in water have been measured. • The structural effect of branched and linear chains is discussed. • The structural contributions to the ionic volume were calculated. -- Abstract: Apparent molal volumes of a series of differently substituted quaternary ammonium bromides, namely tetra-iso-butyl-, tetra-sec-butyl-, tetra-n-butyl-, di-n-butyl-di-sec-butyl- and di-n-butyl-di-iso-butylammonium bromide have been determined as a function of molal concentration at (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K. Partial molar volumes at infinite dilution and ionic molar volumes of these quaternary ammonium cations were determined. Structural volume contributions to the ionic molar volume were also calculated. The symmetric and asymmetric quaternary ammonium cations are “structure making” ions. The contribution of the branched butyl chains predominates over the linear butyl chains in the asymmetric cations

[en] Highlights: → Density of ternary and three binary mixtures of (2-chlorobutane + butylacetate + isobutanol) determined. → Excess molar volume, partial molar volume and apparent molar volume were calculated. → Excess molar volume was correlated as a function of mole fraction by using the Redlich-Kister and Cibulka equation for all mixtures. → The experimental results have been used to test the applicability of the ERAS-model and PFP theory. - Abstract: Densities of the ternary mixture consisting of {2-chlorobutane (1) + butylacetate (2) + isobutanol (3)} and related binary mixtures were measured over the whole range of composition at T = 298.15 K and ambient pressure. Excess molar volumes V_m^E for the mixtures were derived and correlated as a function of mole fraction by using the Redlich-Kister and the Cibulka equations for binary and ternary mixtures, respectively. From the experimental data, partial molar volumes, V-bar_m,i excess partial molar volumes, V-bar_i^E partial molar volumes at infinite dilution V-bar_m,i⁰ and apparent molar volumes V-bar_φ,i were also calculated. For all binary mixtures over the entire range of mole fractions V_m^E data are positive. The experimental results of the constituted binary mixtures have been used to test the applicability of the extended real associated solution (ERAS-model) and Prigogine-Flory-Paterson (PFP) theory.

[en] Highlights: • Density of (water + 1-propanol) mixtures. • Excess molar volumes of (water + 1-propanol) mixtures. • Apparent molar volumes of (water + 1-propanol) mixtures. -- Abstract: Densities of (water + 1-propanol) mixtures have been measured over the temperature range from 298 K to 582 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa using the constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. The measurements were made for six compositions of (0.869, 2.465, 2.531, 7.407, 14.377, and 56.348) mol · kg⁻¹ of 1-propanol. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.015%, respectively. The derived volumetric properties such as excess (V_m^E), apparent (V_Φ), and partial (V^¯₂^∞) molar volumes were calculated using the measured values of density for the mixture and for pure components (water and 1-propanol). The concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes were extrapolated to zero concentration to yield the partial molar volumes of 1-propanol at infinite dilution (V^¯₂^∞). The temperature, pressure, and concentration dependence of density and derived properties of the mixture were studied. All experimental and derived properties (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) were compared with the reported data by other authors. The small and negative values of excess molar volume for the mixtures were found at all experimental temperatures, pressures, and over the entire concentration range. The excess molar volume minimum is found at concentration about 0.4 mole fraction of 1-propanol. The concentration minimum of the derived apparent molar volumes V_Φ near the 2.5 mol · kg⁻¹ (dilute mixture) was observed

[en] Highlights: • These data significantly extend the experimental database for aqueous solutions of d-glucose. • Partial molar volume at infinite dilution is sensitive to temperature in the range examined. • Partial molar volume at infinite dilution is insensitive to pressure in the range examined. -- Abstract: The densities of aqueous solutions of d-glucose were measured at temperatures from (293.15 to 433.15) K and pressures from (0.10 to 50.00) MPa using a vibrating-tube densimeter. Apparent molar volumes V_φ,m and partial molar volumes at infinite dilution V^∞ were calculated from the experimental results. V^∞ increases as temperature increases and varies linearly with temperature above ∼300 K. In addition, V^∞ does not vary as a function of pressure up to 50.0 MPa. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicate excellent agreement and significantly extend the experimental database for aqueous solutions of d-glucose to elevated temperatures and pressures.

[en] The regularities of the formation of carbon adsorbent from charcoal coke under the influences of ionizing radiation and heat have been studied. In both stages of obtaining active adsorbent, i.e. in coking and activation processes, the stimulating effect of radiation is observed. Thus, a temperature decline by 200-450 degrees Celsius compared with thermal processes, and an increase in sorption capacity and mechanical strength of the obtained product were observed. The sorption capacity of the activated carbon by radiation-thermal methods 2,3 times more the adsorbent produced by thermal methods. As a result of polycondensation processes occurring under the effect of radiation on the carbon material, the mechanical strength of the product increases by 11.3%. The mechanism of the investigated processes is discussed, and it is shown that the occurring processes are due to the high penetrating ability and chemical effects of ionizing radiation. The technico-economical evaluation has been conducted and it has been found that using the electron accelerator having the beam power of 5,0 kW, allows producing 28,800 tons' highquality carbon adsorbents per year.

[en] Graphical abstract: The limiting partial molar volume V_ϕ⁰ of cefepime hydrochloride in water are positive and increase with increasing temperature. The positive values of V_ϕ⁰ indicate that the solute–solvent interaction decreases as temperature increases. Highlights: • Density and viscosity of cefepime hydrochloride in water and normal saline has been obtained. • The results show that the model agrees well with the experimental data. • The nature of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions has been probed. -- Abstract: Density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements were carried out for cefepime hydrochloride in water and 0.9 mass % normal saline from (278.15 to 313.15) K. The dependence of density and viscosity on temperature and concentration has been correlated. Apparent molar volumes, standard partial molar volumes, and the viscosity B-coefficient of cefepime hydrochloride were calculated from the experimental measurements. The results are used to establish the nature of solute–solute. Solute–solvent interactions and structure breaking effect of cefepime hydrochloride have been discussed using the Helper equation and the Jones–Dole equation. The relationship between relative changes in viscosity and solute-mixed solvent interaction has been probed

[en] There exists, in general, no unique definition of the size (volume, area, etc., depending on dimension) of a soliton. Here we demonstrate that the geometric volume (area etc.) of a soliton is singled out in the sense that it exactly coincides with the thermodynamical or continuum-mechanical volume. In addition, this volume may be defined uniquely for rather arbitrary solitons in arbitrary dimensions.

[en] Purpose: To evaluate the degree of invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microscopically that will provide a potential application for gross tumor volume to clinical tumor volume (GTV-to-CTV) expansion. Methods and Materials: From January 2002 to January 2006, 149 HCC patients were selected from those who had undergone surgical resection. Pathology slides and clinical data of all patients were reviewed, including platelet counts, serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, degree of liver cirrhosis, tumor size, capsular status, portal vein invasion, TNM stage, and histologic tumor grade. The distance between the tumor margin (or fibrous capsule) and the invasive lesions was measured by senior pathologists. Results: Of these 149 patients, 79 (53.0%) patients presented with tumor microinvasion between 0.5 and 4 mm. This degree of microinvasion was inversely correlated with lower platelet counts and positively correlated with higher AFP levels, larger tumor sizes, portal vein invasion, and advanced TNM stage. Microinvasion distances less than or equal to 2 mm were found in 96.1% of patients (74/77) with tumor dimensions less than or equal to 5 cm and in 94.5% of patients (85/90) with AFP levels less than 400 μg/l. Conclusions: Based on our study findings, GTV-to-CTV expansions of 4 mm for HCC are required to conceal the gross tumor and any microscopic disease with 100% accuracy. Tumor size and AFP levels are the simplest indicators for determining the GTV-to-CTV distance for HCC.

No abstract available