[en] Daily rainfall and temperature data of 158 weather stations in eight European countries and Iceland are investigated to set up a weekly cycle. The time series are divided into five time slices that are analyzed separately. As they depend strongly on the data availability, the significance of weekly cycles is generally higher for the past three time slices of 1931-1960, 1961-1990, and 1991-2005 compared to the two earlier analyzed time slices of 1871-1900 and 1901-1930. Precipitation does not follow any distinct significant weekly cycle. For temperature, however, significant weekly cycles exist in all analyzed countries. The weekly periodicities cannot be explained by random effects. A clear weekly signal is detected by means of a stationary block bootstrap approach. The cycles of temperature vary with the region and the time slice. However, they are found to be more stable for the last two time slices. For the dominant pattern of the weekly cycle in Germany, a coinciding significant weekly cycle of the large-scale circulation is detected for the time slice 1991-2005. In Germany, persistence can be observed for the weekday holding the minimum value of the temperature variables. The minimum is observed to occur on Saturday for the past two time slices. When judging from significant results exclusively, most other countries also show persistence for the past two time slices, except for the weekday with the maximum value of the temperature variables. This weekday either is Tuesday for Iceland and the UK or Wednesday for Sweden and Norway.

[en] Formation processes of caoline crust of weathering on garnites are accompanied with uranium evacuation (on the average 66%) and thorium (82%). Main uranium share in granites is related to accessor minerals, alterated biotite and intergranular sufures, in caoline crust of weathering - with caolinite, selvages of iron and titanium oxides and hydroxides. Two mechanisms of uranium extraction from accessor minerals exiting in parallel have been established: uranium transition to solution from edge parts of grains and microcracks and gradual solutions of minerals with transfer of all their components to the solution

No abstract available

[en] Extreme event attribution studies attempt to quantify the role of human influences in observed weather and climate extremes. These studies are of broad scientific and public interest, although quantitative results (e.g., that a specific event was made a specific number of times more likely because of anthropogenic forcings) can be difficult to communicate accurately to a variety of audiences and difficult for audiences to interpret. Here, we focus on how results of these studies can be effectively communicated using standardized language and propose, for the first time, a set of calibrated terms to describe event attribution results. Using these terms and an accompanying visual guide, results are presented in terms of likelihood of event changes and the associated uncertainties. This standardized language will allow clearer communication and interpretation of probabilities by the public and stakeholders.

No abstract available

[en] Complete text of publication follows. The VLF experiment running at SANAE IV, Antarctica, has long been plagued by an unknown form of intermittent interference. Previously the prime suspect for this interference was the HF Radar, part of the SUPERDarn network, operated at SANAE IV. However, this instrument was not operational during the second half of 2008, and yet the interference was still prevalent. It is well known that the wind can set up mechanical oscillations in the antenna elements, causing periodic modulations in the loop area. We show evidence linking high wind speeds to this interference.

No abstract available

[en] This work is about current state of cuaternary knowledge Uruguayan. It is considered that the cuaternary presented a change from the hot and dry weather of the Pliocene to more humid and colder weather in Uruguay.

[en] Enteric Fever (EF) affects over 14.5 million people every year globally, with India accounting for the largest share of this burden. The water-borne nature of the disease makes it prone to be influenced as much by unsanitary living conditions as by climatic factors. The detection and quantification of the climatic effect can lead to improved public health measures which would in turn reduce this burden.

No abstract available