[en] γ rays from nuclei bombarded by high energy protons (from 100 MeV to 1 GeV) lead to mass distributions of stable nuclei where 4n-nuclei are the most abundant. With calcium an energy dependence is found. Some evidence for direct or semi-direct processes is reported

[en] In the present paper, we investigated the neutron skin properties, central depletion effects, residual and average neutron-proton interactions for Co in a Type II Supernova 1987A. The neutron skin thicknesses performed by Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model for the isotopic chain of Co (17≤𝑁≤82) are obtained with different methods to investigate the bulk and surface contributions to neutron skin thicknesses as a function of neutron number N and relative neutron excess I=(N-Z)/A. For this purpose, two-parameter Fermi (2pF) distributions for each nucleus are obtained by the proton and neutron density distributions. Since the neutron skin thickness demonstrates the dependency on the symmetry pressure of neutron matter and sensitive to the symmetry energy at the sub-saturation density, the neutron skin properties lead to the investigation on the formation and composition of the crusts in Supernova and neutron stars. For a proper understanding of surface effects of nuclei, the central depletion (or bubble structure) effects on neutron skin of nuclei in the Supernova are explained by calculating the bubble parameters b and b′. Furthermore, in order to illustrate accuracy of theoretical model used in the current work, the mass model approach is also analyzed by the calculating residual and average neutron-proton interactions, where the fluctuations in the mass model approaches have also been compared with the experimental and theoretical results in the literature. In order to evaluate more nuclear properties, we also analyzed the charge form factors and the single- particle energy levels for Co isotopes in the Supernova for providing nuclear data for electron-nucleus scattering experimental processes. (author)

[en] The ⁵⁴Fe(¹⁸O,¹⁴C)⁵⁸Ni reaction is compared to the (¹⁶O,¹²C) reaction on the same target using a magnetic spectrometer with a resolution=120keV. Energy spectra are found very similar and the ratio of (¹⁶O,¹²C)/(¹⁸O,¹⁴C) cross sections is 3. A DWBA calculation describing projectiles with SU3 wave functions for pure configurations in ⁵⁸Ni gives the same selectivity for the two reactions and agree with the ratio of cross sections

[en] Gamma ray spectra following the interaction of 760MeV alpha particles with ⁴⁰Ca, ⁵⁶Fe and ⁵⁹Co have been observed. Cross sections for the product nuclides are compared with pion and proton cross sections

[en] Various light- and medium-mass nuclei have been bombarded with 150-, 230-, 600-, and 960-MeV protons. Prompt γ rays were measured with a Ge(Li) detector. A large number of lines in the γ-energy spectra correspond to the de-excitation for the first levels of 4n nuclei (N=Z even). The dependence of this effect on the incident energy and the mass of the target is studied. The data are compared with recent pion-bombardment results

[en] A ⁴⁰Ca target was bombarded with 230, 325, 600 and 960 MeV protons. Gamma rays were observed in coincidence with the beam. A large number of lines on the γ energy spectra correspond to de-excitation of the first levels of A-4n nuclei, A being the target mass. Relative yields allow comparison of one nucleon, two nucleons, alpha and multiple alpha removal from the target to inelastic scattering-comparison is also given with recent data from experiments performed with in-flight pions and stopped pions

[en] Prompt γ rays emitted in the interaction of high energy protons with nuclei have been detected. The single and multiple α removal which appears as a prominent feature of γ spectra is studied versus energy variation from 150 to 960MeV and versus target atomic mass from 14 to 56. In the case of ¹⁶O, Doppler broadening of γ rays from the two ¹⁴N first low-lying states indicates a direct reaction mechanism

[en] γ rays from nuclei bombarded by high energy protons (from 100 MeV to 1 GeV) lead to mass distributions of stable nuclei where 4n-nuclei are the most abundant. With calcium an energy dependence is found. A few evidence for direct or semi-direct processes are reported