[en] The radiation that nuclear explosions produce and the subsequent fall-out play a relatively small part in the causes and consequences of a nuclear winter. More important are the injection of smoke and dust into the upper atmosphere and the subsequent effects on climate and agricultural productivity. The implications of nuclear winter for the Southern Hemisphere and Australia in particular, are examined

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[en] In 1972, Heckman et al introduced the concept of limiting fragmentation, known hitherto in elementary particle physics, to interpret their first heavy ion data from Bevatron. Soon afterwards, this led to the formulation of the abrasion-ablation model followed by a multitude of models based on thermodynamic and/or hydrodynamic concepts. A plausible mechanism is investigated for limiting fragmentation in relativistic heavy ion collisions by looking at the fate of the target and projectile fragments after they have separated from the highly excited intermediate system of participants. For participants and spectators, we use the standard classification scheme

[en] Angular distributions of the ₆Li vector analyzing power and differential cross section were measured for the ₃He(₆Li, p)₈Be(g.s.) reaction at an incident ₆Li lab energy of 21 MeV. The experimental results have been analyzed in terms of a deuteron transfer spin-dependent DWBA using finite- and zero-range formalism. Relationships between the analyzing powers and the proton polarization have been deduced using the T-matrix formalism which allow reaction mechanism independent conclusions on the forces involved. A comparison of the experimental ₆Li analyzing power and already existing proton polarization data shows that tensor forces must contribute to the reaction. (orig.)

[en] The interaction properties of projectile fragments from the fragmentation of 0.9 GeV/nucleon and 1.8 GeV/nucleon ⁴⁰Ar with Cu have been studied using radioactivation techniques. In this experiment, two identical copper blocks, 1 cm thick and 8 cm in diameter, are irradiated by relativistic projectiles in different configurations. In configuration 0, the blocks are touching while in configuration 10 or 20, the blocks are separated by 10 or 20 cm of air, respectively. It is assumed that when the relativistic projectiles interact with the first block of each pair, projectile fragments are created which interact with other nuclei in the first and second blocks. What is measured is the ratio of some target fragment activity, such as ²⁴Na or ²⁸Mg, produced in the second block relative to the first block, R

[en] Relativistic heavy ion collisions are treated analytically within hydrodynamical (participant-spectator) model under the assumption of partial nuclear transparency. For the fragmentation regions the parameter free relation Tsub(spec) = 42 MeV (vsub(part)/c) is derived in the target (projectile) frame and relates the temperature of the spectators to the velocity of the participants. Combining this relation with the experimental observation of a 10 MeV temperature in the fragmentation region allows one to estimate within this model the magnitude of nuclear transparency and the energy density of the participant sources. (Auth.)

[en] It is shown that the polarization of an optically pumped ³He target can be essentially enhanced by a reflector at the back of the target. Furthermore, a better method of producing the optical signal for the polarization measurement is presented. (Auth.)

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