[en] It is shown that if Goldstone particles are absent in a model of the strong and electroweak interactions based on the symmetry group G_LxG_R (where G_L,R = [SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)]_L,R) with a renormalized Higgs potential, the necessary electric charges of the quarks (Q_u = 2/3, Q_d = -1/3, Q_ν = 0, Q_e = -1) are unambiguously fixed. The phenomenological aspects of such a model are considered. A mechanism is proposed for the creation of small Dirac neutrino masses, related to the hierarchy of ''left'' and ''right'' mass scales in broken G_LxG_R symmetry, which (in contrast to standard approaches) does not require the introduction of additional superheavy neutrinos [the result that we obtain is me-italicapprox.[m²(W^+-_L)/ m²(W^+-_R)]m_e, where W^+-_L and W^+-_R are the charged weak bosons and m(W^+-_R)>>m(W^+-_L)]

[en] It is demonstrated that the matter can induce a decay of neutrino into antineutrino and light scalar particle (majoron): ν →ν-tilde+α, or vice versa, ν-tilde → ν+α. The diagonal as well as non-diagonal transitions on neutrino types are possible. The decay probabilities depend on neutrino energies in an unusual way. Applications for accelerator neutrinos passing through the earth, solar neutrinos, neutrino emission accompanied the gravitational collapse of stellar core are discussed

[en] Mechanism of natural solution (without fine tuning) of the hierarchy problem in supersymmetric grand unified theories is suggested. Higgs doublets of electroweak interactions automatically happen to be light-weight (with masses ∼M_w) as they are pseudogoldstone bosons of superpotential disturbed global symmetry. An example of SU(6)-model is considered. 4 refs

[en] A possibile existence of three quark and lepton generations of the horizontal symmetry group is discussed. The SU(3)sub(H) group is considered as an example of such a group. Besides the SU(3)sub(H) group, an additional local group of the U(1)sub(H) symmetry, related to the horizontal Ysub(H) hypercharge, is introduced. Unification of the SU(3)sub(H)xU(1)sub(H) symmetry with the SU(5) symmetry leads to the universal SU(8) unification of all quark-lepton flavors

[en] Inverted radiative hierarchy of quark masses is investigated. The authors suggest that the mass hierarchy is first generated in a sector of heavy isosinglet fermions due to radiative effects and then projected in the inverted way to the usual quarks by means of a universal seesaw. The simple left-right symmetric gauge model is presented with the P- and CP-parities and the exact isotopical symmetry which are softly (or spontaneously) broken in the Higgs potential. This approach naturally explains the observed pattern of quark masses and mixing, providing the quantitatively correct formula for the Cabibbo angle. Top quark is predicted to be in the 90-150 GeV range

[en] Physical and cosmological consequences of the gauge theory of broken horizontal symmetry are considered. Mass matrices are obtained for the quarks and leptons, in which the weak-mixing parameters are determined by their mass ratios. It is shown that a combined analysis of K-bar K and B-bar B transitions, of the search for axion decays of quarks and leptons, of the measurement of the neutrino mass, of the search for 2β_oν decay and neutrino oscillations, of cosmological manifestations of massive unstable neutrinos, a primordial axion field, and superheavy fermions, and of the influence of axion emission on stellar evolution makes it possible to estimate that the allowed values of the scale of horizontal symmetry breaking υ_H lie in the interval 10⁸-10¹² GeV. Variation of the scale υ_H in this interval reproduces all the main types of hidden mass invoked by the theory of formation of structure in the universe. For a fixed total cosmological density the authors can distinguish four values of the scale υ_H, corresponding to cosmological models of cold hidden mass, hot hidden mass, and unstable massive neutrinos (with relativistic and nonrelativistic equations of state of the contemporary universe), tests of which in astronomical observations would make it possible to determine the value of υ_H uniquely

[en] The structure of the quark-lepton mass matrix in the SU(5) model with the SU(4) horizontal symmetry is considered. The SU(4) group in the model under consideration is not free from anomalies. To decrease them, one may introduce, for example, 15 neutral ''right'' fermions, which acquire large majorana masses out of the Yukawa interactions with the chi and kappa scalars, thus, ''coming out'' from the mass spectrum under consideration

[en] It is shown that if the strong and electroweak interaction model based on the Gsub(L)xGsub(R) symmetry group (Gsub(L,R)=[SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)]sub(L,R) with Higgs renormalizable potential does not contain Goldstone particles, then the ''necessary'' electric charges of quarks and leptons are unambiguously fixed (Qsub(u)=2/3, Qsubid)=-1/3, Qsub(ß)=0, Qsub(e)=-1). Phenomenological aspects of the model are considered. A mechanism of creation of small Dirac neutrino masses is suggested. The mechanism is connected with the hierarchy of the ''left'' and ''right'' scales in the broken Gsub(L)xGsub(R) symmetry and does not require (as distinct to standard approaches) introducing additional superheavy neutrinos (the result is msub(ßsub(e)) approximately msup(2)(Wsub(L)sup(+-))msub(e)/msup(2)(Wsub(R)sup(+-)) where Wsub(L)sup(+-), Wsub(R)sup(+-) are charged weak bosons, m(Wsub(R)sup(+-)) >> m(Wsub(L)sup(+-))

[en] A generation mechanism of the quark and lepton masses in gauge models with horizontal symmetry is proposed. It is based on the mixing of quark-lepton families with heavy horizontal fermions, acquiring large masses directly after breaking of horizontal symmetry. A simple implementation of this mechanism for the SU(3)sub(H) x SU(2)sub(L) x SU(2)sub(R) x U(1) model is given. The following results are obtained for the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing angles: s₁ approx.= (msub(d)/msub(s))sup(1/2), S₂ approx.= (msub(c)/msub(t))sup(1/2), s₃ approx.= (msub(s)/msub(b))sup(1/2). The extension of this mechanism to GUTs is discussed. (orig.)

[en] A new mechanism of quark and lepton mass generation via their mixing with hypothetical superheavy fermions is discussed for the model with the SU(5) x SU(3)sub(H) symmetry. The proposed pattern of the horizontal SU(3)sub(H) symmetry breaking leads to mass matrices of the form previously suggested by Fritzsch. The relations between the quark and lepton masses and mixing angles are derived. In contrast with quarks and charged leptons neutrino masses obey the inverse ''horizontal'' hierarchy: m sub(νsub(e)) >> m sub(νsub(μ)) >> m sub(νsub(tau)). (orig.)