[en] The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker (SST), comprising 9.6 million readout channels from 15148 modules covering an area of 198 m², needs to be precisely calibrated in order to correctly interpret and reconstruct the events recorded from the detector, ensuring that the SST performance fully meets the physics research program of the CMS experiment. Calibration constants may be derived within several workflows, from promptly reconstructed events with particles as well as from commissioning events gathered just before the acquisition of physics runs. These calibration procedures have been exercised since summer 2009 when the CMS detector has been commissioned using cosmic muons and proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 900 GeV, 2.36 and 7 TeV. During these data taking the performance of the SST has been carefully studied: the noise of the detector, the data integrity, the S/N ratio, the hit reconstruction efficiency, the calibration workflows have been all investigated with time and for different conditions, at the full detector granularity. In this paper we describe the calibration procedures and the detector performance results from the latest CMS operation.

[en] The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker (SST) is the largest tracking system based on silicon detector technology ever built for high energy physics experiments. It consists of 24,244 single-sided micro-strip sensors for a total active area of 198 m² and about 9.3 million readout channels. The detector was installed inside CMS in December 2007, commissioned during summer 2008 and then it participated along with other subdetector components of CMS in cosmic muons data taking runs. The commissioning strategy, the operational experience and the detector performance results are presented.

[en] This paper is organized in five parts: 1. sustainable development from global point of view; 2. global problems and international instruments; 3. sustainable management of resources in economic systems; 4. forecasting and methods: models and index; 5. future urban areas

[en] The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker is the largest tracking system made of silicon devices ever built for a High Energy Physics experiment. Such a complex detector required a long time for the production and qualification of each component and a system test to verify that the expected performance is achieved. The Tracker Inner Barrel (TIB) is the central sub-detector consisting of four cylindrical layers coaxial with the beam line. The status of construction of the TIB will be described, focusing on the procedures defined to assemble the hardware components and on the tests performed during the integration to check for their functionality. The database system used to select the components and keep track of them is also briefly described. The performance of a TIB subsystem read-out with the final DAQ has been analysed in different operating conditions and preliminary results are presented

[en] The Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) for heavily irradiated silicon devices has been carefully investigated on a series of microstrip detectors. Large-area sensors designed for the CMS silicon tracker have been irradiated with neutrons and protons up to a very high fluence. Effects on CCE have been studied using a beam of minimum ionizing particles and a fast shaping time electronics similar to what is expected in CMS. The paper shows the performance of the sensors for CCE and Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N) under different operating conditions

[en] The paper describes the role of the n⁺ edge implants in the breakdown process of p⁺ on n-bulk silicon diodes. Laboratory measurements and simulation studies are presented on a series of test structures aimed at an optimization of the design in the edge region. The dependence of the breakdown voltage on the geometrical parameters of the devices is discussed in detail. Design rules are extracted for the use of n⁺-layers along the scribe line to avoid surface conduction of current generated by the exposed edges. The effect of neutron irradiation has been studied up to a fluence of 1.8x10¹⁵ cm^-2

[en] The paper presents the results of an extensive set of measurements performed on silicon microstrip sensors produced by STMicroelectronics for the CMS Tracker. 5'' and 6'' technologies were used to process several series of detector prototypes. Detectors 300 μm thick were produced on 5'' wafers and fully characterized. A new design on 500 μm thick wafers with 6'' technology has been recently implemented. The performance of three different layouts has been investigated in terms of macroscopic electrical parameters and radiation resistance

[en] This paper shows the results of electrical measurements performed on single-sided AC-coupled silicon microstrip detectors used to build a prototype of the silicon barrel of the CSM tracker. Some preliminary results of irradiation tests by fast neutrons on similar devices are also presented, with fluences up to 4 x 10¹⁴ n cm^-2

[en] The performance of silicon micro-strip detectors after heavy irradiation have been investigated using a muon beam. Large-area sensors have been irradiated with neutrons and protons, read-out with fast shaping time electronics, and operated at low temperature. The paper presents a study of the charge collection efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio and hit reconstruction efficiency of these silicon devices

[en] This paper investigates the performance of 500 μm thick silicon microstrip detectors before and after heavy irradiation. Prototype sensors, produced by STMicroelectronics, have been extensively studied using laboratory measurements, a radioactive source and a beam of minimum ionising particles. The comparison with a standard 300 μm sensor shows that the collected charge in thick devices scales linearly with thickness. By over-depleting the irradiated devices, the pre-irradiated charge collection efficiency is fully recovered. The measured noise is in good agreement with expectations. Although more work is needed, the paper shows that 500 μm thick devices are a promising technology for very large tracking systems