No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] The development of a whole-body scanning bed with computer control systems for use in scintiscanning seriously ill patients is reported. The computer controls the direction and motion of the bed and the patient can be scanned with a positional accuracy of 0.01 inch. A stationary γ camera scintillation probe was developed for use for radionuclide function studies of the lungs, kidneys, and liver where the field of view of a conventional γ camera is inadequate to cover all the pertinent regions of interest. Correlations between measured radiation dose distributions in patients during radionuclide scanning made using thermoluminescent dosimeters and computer calculations based on radionuclide decay data are discussed. Examples cited include the radiation dose distribution during lung scanning using ⁹⁹/sup m/Tc-labeled compounds, kidney scanning using ¹³¹I-Hippuran, and hematopoietic system scanning using ⁵⁹Fe-labeled compounds. Diagnostic applications of activation analysis using measurements of deuterium using the (γ, n) reaction are reported. A list is included of 18 publications during the period covered by this report. (U.S.)

[en] Design modifications in radioisotope scanners are discussed. Studies on the radiation dose distribution in patients from /sup 90m/Tc-albumin microspheres in the lungs, ⁵⁹Fe-citrate, ¹³¹I-hippuran in kidney transplants, and /sup 99m/Tc-pyrophosphates are reported. Data on the levels of fallout ¹³⁷Co in normal individuals during 1975, as measured by whole-body counting, are reported. Results of studies on iodine metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism and with T₃-thyrotoxicosis during ¹³¹I therapy with activities up to 17 mCi showed that the apparent volumes of distribution for different iodine compounds do not change appreciably during therapy in this dose range. Methods are described for measuring the content of Ca alone and Ca and P in bone tissues by transmission scanning using a ²⁵²Cf neutron source for activation of Ca and P

[en] The main emphasis of these studies is the development of methods (hardware and software) for the quantitation of body and specific organ burdens of radioactivity. Current work is directed toward the evaluation of radiation dose distributions in human beings from new radioactive tracers and new procedures used in nuclear medicine. Dosimetry and clinical studies will be carried out on patients using new radiopharmaceuticals where dosimetry data are lacking. Future efforts will be directed toward the development of systems that will facilitate the collection of dosimetry data using less specialized facilities. The availability of instrumentation and analytic techniques that provide clinical images as well as dosimetry data should enhance the rate of collection of data on human exposures in medicine and assist in the optimization of diagnostic strategies. In parallel with these efforts, we are developing a new computer assisted technique for diagnostic decision making. The basic aim is to utilize efficiently all the available data to maximize information gain while minimizing cost factors

No abstract available

[en] The different components that can be used in modern film analysis systems are reviewed. TV camera and charge-coupled device sensors coupled to computers provide low cost systems for applications such as those described. The autoradiography (ARG) method provides an important tool for medical research and is especially useful for the development of new radiopharmaceutical compounds. Biodistribution information is needed for estimation of radiation dose, and for interpretation of the significance of observed patterns. The need for such precise information is heightened when one seeks to elucidate physiological principles/factors in normal and experimental models of disease. The poor spatial resolution achieved with current PET-imaging systems limits the information on radioreceptor mapping, neutrotransmitter, and neuroleptic drug distribution that can be achieved from patient studies. The artful use of ARG in carefully-controlled animal studies will be required to provide the additional information needed to fully understand results obtained with this new important research tool

No abstract available

No abstract available