[en] 'Full Text:' White (and yeast) spirits is a general name for strong alcoholic beverages in China. The paper reports levels and doses of ³H and ¹⁴C in 65 spirits samples between 1986 and 1987. Experiments were made by measuring end analyzing each sample, using a low background liquid scintillation spectrometer. Radioactive levels of 65 spirits samples are as follows: Variant range of ³H activity is 98.2 - 170.6Bq.dm^-3 and its average is 149.2 ± 17.3Bq.dm^-3; Variant range of ¹⁴C activity is 38.8-80.2Bq.dm^-3 and its average is 57.4±8.2Bq.dm^-3. If the man drinks 200cm³ of spirits daily, the annual dose equivalents will be 0.19uSv of ³H and 2.5uSv of 14^C. In ordinary strong alcoholic beverages that contain 57-60% alcohol, the mean ³H and ¹⁴C activities are 153.8Bq.dm^-3 and 60.3Bq.dm^-3, respectively, but in spirits of lower alcoholic content (38-40%), the mean ^3H activity is 114.6Bq.dm^-3, that is 25.5% less than ordinary spirits, and the mean ¹⁴C activity is 46.1Bq.dm^-3, that is 23.5% less than ordinary spirits. We compared the ³H and ¹⁴C contents of five kinds of staple grains from both Sichuan and Guangdong provinces. We learned that the level of activity in spirits is ten times higher than in grains and water, and the level of ¹⁴C activity in spirits is equivalent to that in grains. White spirits has fully concentrated ³H and ¹⁴C from both grain and water, and activities increase with increasing alcoholic content. ³H in spirits probably is averaged from both water and grain, and ¹⁴C is averaged mostly from grain. (author)

[en] This paper briefly introduces the current reprocessing situation and challenges in the world, the policy and status of the nuclear energy development and SFM for the back end of the fuel cycle in China. Chinese government has already launched the nuclear energy medium- long-term development program, the opted policy of closed fuel cycle and the technical development strategy, the projected commercial reprocessing plant, The cold uranium test for nuclear power plant spent fuel reprocessing pilot plant is finished and the radioactive test is carried out in the early this year. The R&D program of reprocessing technology is emphasized. The challenges faced by China are described. (author)

[en] Full Engineering Simulator (FES) is an evaluation platform for Human Factors Verification and Validation (HF V and V) of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The scope of simulation includes nuclear power technical system (Level 0), Instrument and control (I and C) system (Level 1), HMI (Level 2). The tasks of V and V are validating the correctness of three levels, the compatibility between Level 2 and Level 1, and integrity and reasonable of Level 2. The main object of HF V and V evaluations is to detect the discrepancy between the design of Human Machine Interface (HMI) for NPP's Distributed Control System (DCS) and serviceability for the plant operators. The simulator is working in the LINUX operating system, using RINSIM, a software which is developed independently by our company, to simulate the power plant process systems. Specific software tools have being developed to evaluate the design of the plant system

[en] Full text: We will report on the current status of SIKA, the triple-axis spectrometer with the view of the cold source from the reactor beam hall in OPAL, at ANSTO. SIKA is funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan and currently being commissioned by the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center. To provide the flexibility for scientific applications, SIKA’s analyser can operate in a flat or in a multiplexing mode when coupled to the one-dimensional PSD consisting of 48 vertical position-sensitive wires, allowing the simultaneous data collection over a specified range in (Q, E). This analyser can also operate in a horizontal focusing mode that directs the scattered neutrons into a single-detector. The entire analyser-detector system as is packed into a single, well shielded secondary spectrometer housing which significantly reduces the background. As a state-of-the-art triple-axis spectrometer, SIKA is also equipped with a full automated sample stage and a series of collimations (both soller and radial). Neutron polarisation will be available for the incident and scattered beams through 3He polarisers. (author)

[en] High pressure torsion (HPT) is an efficient technique of producing ultrafine grained materials with exceptional small grain size. In this study, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of pure aluminum single crystal during the HPT process. The simulation results show that, the distribution and evolution of the macroscopic plastic strain and the accumulative shear strain are similar. The value increases with the increase of the distance from the center as well as the number of revolution. The simulation is capable of reflecting the anisotropic characteristics of HPT deformation, a non-homogenous deformation along the circumference of the sample could be observed. At the early stage of HPT deformation, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) along the radial direction presents a rapid increase, followed by a moderate increase and then reaches the near-saturate state. As the HPT deformation proceeds, there is a relatively weak increase in the quasi-saturate value and the near-steady region expands gradually towards the sample center. The orientation changes during the HPT process with increasing applied strain predicted by the developed CPFEM model are also presented

[en] A critical issue for EAST and future tokamak machines such as ITER and China Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) is the elimination of excessive heat load on the divertor target plates. As a means of actively reducing and controlling the power fluxes to the target plates, localized impurity (N, Ar) gas puffing from lower dome is investigated by using SOLPS5.0 on EAST with double null configuration. The radiative efficiency and distribution of the two gases are compared. The effect of N and Ar seeding on target power loading and the confinement is also presented. The simulation results indicate that both N and Ar puffing can effectively reduce the peak heat flux load and electron temperature Te at divertor targets similarly. N seeding can reach a higher radiative loss fraction (∼85%) than Ar case (∼75%), and N radiates power in divertor region mainly, while the radiative power inside separatrix for Ar seeding is also significant. Ar impurity puffing results in a faster decrease of the power across the separatrix, it seems unfavourable for plasma performance with the heating power close to the L-H transition threshold power. (author)

[en] SIKA, a high flux cold triple axis spectrometer at OPAL reactor, is equipped with a 13-blade analyser and position sensitive detector. This multiplexing design endows SIKA with high flexibility to run in either traditional or dispersive modes. In this study, the energy dispersive mode for two different energy transfers is simulated using the Monte Carlo ray-trace package SIMRES. The results show that SIKA could work effectively in this mode at low and intermediate energy transfers with reasonable energy and Q resolution. The simulated energy resolution is about 0.23 meV for an energy transfer of ħω = 5 meV and increases to 1.8 meV for ħω = 15 meV. This work provides a valuable reference for future inelastic neutron scattering experiments on SIKA.

[en] Tin selenide demonstrates a record high thermoelectric figure of merit. The distinctive feature of this material is very low thermal conductivity directly related to peculiarities of SnSe lattice dynamics. We studied the temperature dependence of the crystal structure, phonon dispersion curves and vibrational density of states (VDOS) of SnSe in temperature range from 300 to 750 K using neutron scattering instruments at ANSTO. We found that frequencies of longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonons in SnSe have remarkably low frequencies, in particular the TA [100] phonon branch. Another feature of SnSe is the presence of low-frequency optic phonons in close proximity to acoustic branches and softening of TO_b [100] mode. Measurements of VDOS during heating reveal rather complex modifications of the spectrum showing a significant softening of phonon groups centred at ~ 7.5 and 16 meV related to displacive Pnma – Cmcm phase transition at 830 K. The high density of low-energy modes along with observed strong phonon damping is probably responsible for the low values of lattice component of thermal conductivity in this material.

[en] As the oxide-induced disruption from silicon dioxide substrate would greatly decrease the thermal property of graphene, strategies to optimize the thermo-optical response through controlling laser spot size, layer number and covering length of graphene layer are experimentally studied and discussed. An all-optical controlled fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer with multilayer and monolayer graphene achieved by thermo-optical effects is subsequently proposed to prove the improvements. Graphene layers with 6 mm length were transferred to the middle taper and heated by an external laser. The maximum switching extinction ratio reached 16.2 dB. The response time and modulation efficiency were approximately 620 μs and 0.22 dB mW⁻¹, respectively. This work suggests an effective way to improve the thermal property of graphene-fiber hybrid structure for all-optical control in fiber based integrated system. Moreover, the cost and complexity of device manufacturing are greatly reduced. (letter)

[en] Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with 8 mol% Y was deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering onto oxidized (100) silicon substrates. It was possible to switch film texture from (111) to (200) by applying a strong RF substrate bias. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the film deposited under bias is porous and exhibits nanoscaled grains, whereas the film deposited without bias is dense and columnar. The ionic conductivity as a function of temperature revealed an activation energy of 1.04 eV. The mechanical stress could be tuned to low values by thermal post-annealing. Using the dense (111) film as electrolyte layer, and the porous (200) film as an interlayer to a porous Pt anode, an open circuit voltage of 0.85 V was obtained in a micro machined fuel cell structure.