[en] The investigation of particle transport in fusion plasmas requires short intense gas pulse to produce spatially and temporally localised density perturbations. Such gas pulses can be produced by laser induced desorption of hydrogen from titanium hydride. To study the properties of this method samples of TiH_1.5 have been heated by 1 ms ruby laser with an energy content up to 10 J. With target spot diameters of 4.5 mm desorption rates of 2x10¹⁸ hydrogen atoms have been achieved. The duration of the gas puffs is closely coupled to the laser pulse. Computer simulations have shown that the desorption rate is probably reduced by surface effects. When heating the same target spot repeatedly the release of hydrogen is reduced drastically. This due to the depletion of the 100 μm thick heated region at the target surface which cannot be refilled by hydrogen from the bulk because of the low diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in titanium at temperatures below 200deg C. For practical applications it therefore seems to be necessary to change the target spot after each shot. With respect to radiation cooling of the plasma the titanium content of the hydrogen pulses is important. In our experiments we found a 1per mille contamination with titanium atoms mainly produced by evaporation from edges of cracks in the target surface. Such cracks inevitably occur during the target preparation. By proper conditioning of the target surface with short giant laser pulses the titanium contamination could be reduced by a factor of two without reduction of the hydrogen release. The results of our measurements show that with a 40 J laser system gas pulses suitable for transport studies can be produced. (orig.)

[en] The present thesis deals with the calculation of the thermodynamic equilibrium state of the three-phase system gas-solution-solid. It presents the essential mathematical formalisms that describe the interactions of solution-gas, solution-solution, solution-solid, and solution-solid matrix as well as the boundary conditions and side constraints for the application of these relationships according to current knowledge. These expressions are used in the newly developed computer model KOMPLEX3 by incorporating the gas and solid phases besides the liquid phase in the calculations. The three-phase model KOMPLEX3 is able to quantify interactions between basic chemical and/or physico-chemical processes. (orig./BBR)

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[en] The Chernobyl accident with its lasting consequences on every-day life has given a never before experienced importance to alimentation and has made it a topic of widespread public concern, and for a long time to come. A feeling of insecurity is gaining ground, creating a flood of publications giving advice on and discussing methods of composing a wholesome diet. The book in hand answers many of the innumerably questions of the consumers, as e.g.: Is there any chance of avoiding the danger. How can I find non-contaminated food, and how can I protect my children from the long-term hazards. The information presented explains the pathways along which radioactive isotopes get into our food, and also the effects that may be induced in the human body. The survey of foodstuffs covers all important types of food, their specific hazards, and means and methods of keeping the hazards as low as possible. (orig.)

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[en] The R ampersand D program at the national laboratories has resulted in significant advances in design and fabrication methods for the Collider Dipole Magnets. The status of the transfer of the technology developed by the laboratories is reviewed. The continuation of the technology transfer program is discussed with a description of: (1) the relation of technology transfer activities to collider dipole product development; (2) content of the program relating to key magnet performance issues; and (3) methods to implement the program. 5 refs

[en] In July 2004, LLNL adopted the International Standard ISO 14001 as a Work Smart Standard in lieu of DOE Order 450.1. In support of this new requirement the Director issued a new environmental policy that was documented in Section 3.0 of Document 1.2, ''ES and H Policies of LLNL'', in the ES and H Manual. In recent years the Environmental Management System (EMS) process has become formalized as LLNL adopted ISO 14001 as part of the contract under which the laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy (DOE). On May 9, 2005, LLNL revised its Integrated Safety Management System Description to enhance existing environmental requirements to meet ISO 14001. Effective October 1, 2005, each new project or activity is required to be evaluated from an environmental aspect, particularly if a potential exists for significant environmental impacts. Authorizing organizations are required to consider the management of all environmental aspects, the applicable regulatory requirements, and reasonable actions that can be taken to reduce negative environmental impacts. During 2006, LLNL has worked to implement the corrective actions addressing the deficiencies identified in the DOE/LSO audit. LLNL has begun to update the present EMS to meet the requirements of ISO 14001:2004. The EMS commits LLNL--and each employee--to responsible stewardship of all the environmental resources in our care. The generation of mixed radioactive waste was identified as a significant environmental aspect. Mixed waste for the purposes of this report is defined as waste materials containing both hazardous chemical and radioactive constituents. Significant environmental aspects require that an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) be developed. The objective of the EMP developed for mixed waste (EMP-005) is to evaluate options for reducing the amount of mixed waste generated. This document presents the findings of the evaluation of mixed waste generated at LLNL and a proposed plan for reduction

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[en] The effect of the ternary element chromium in B2 ordered NiAl based alloys was studied by atom probe field ion microscopy. Samples of the compositions Ni₅₀Al₄₈Cr₂, Ni₄₉Al₄₉Cr₂, and Ni₄₈Al₅₀Cr₂ were investigated after different heat treatments. The chromium concentrations of the NiAl matrix, measured by atom probe, increased with increasing Ni/Al ratio and heat treatment temperature. The site preference of solute Cr atoms for the Al sublattice was determined by layer resolved measurements. An antiphase boundary observed in Ni₅₀Al₄₈Cr₂ showed a high local Cr concentration with Cr atoms substituting for Al atoms. Superdislocations in the quasi-stoichiometric Ni₄₉Al₄₉Cr₂ were not dissociated into partial dislocations and showed no Cr segregation. These results are discussed in view of activation of a<1 1 1> slip systems