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Glaeser, W.
International conference on the interactions of neutrons with nuclei. Volume I. Main sessions1976
International conference on the interactions of neutrons with nuclei. Volume I. Main sessions1976
AbstractAbstract
[en] The investigation of physical properties of condensed matter with neutrons has rapidly developed into a broad field of research. Scattering of slow neutrons from solids can reveal many details of structural, magnetic and dynamical properties of these many particle systems. Faster neutrons can be used to create defined defects in solids. The possibilities and advantages of slow neutron probes for solid-state research are reviewed. A few newer developments of experimental techniques including high resolution diffractometry, spectroscopy and interferometry will be outlined. A few prominent examples of results of current interest in solid-state physics from small angle scattering and inelastic scattering experiments will be discussed, in order to illustrate the success which has been achieved with the neutron technique so far. Recent results of neutron damage studies are noted
Primary Subject
Source
Sheldon, E. (ed.); Lowell Univ., Mass. (USA); p. 563-593; 1976; International conference on the interactions of neutrons with nuclei; Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America (USA); 6 Jul 1976
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Report
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Conference
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Research reactors are designed to produce in the core a neutron flux as high as possible, and to adapt the flux in response to the local energy requirements of experiments. This is why slow (thermal) neutrons generated outside the core are of importance, as they can be applied for scatter experiments using the beam holes, and for direct sample irradiation, whereas the fast neutrons in the core are of significance only to special purposes (mainly for the study of radiation damage). The thermal power generated in a research reactor is relatively low (typically lower than 50 MW) and in general is released unexploited. This is done because the temperature level of the thermal energy is very low, in order to achieve optimum core cooling and to meet experimental requirements, so that conversion to electrical output or for heating purposes is unattractive. Another reason is that any utilizable output from research reactors would be available at very irregular intervals only, due to the experimental time-table. (orig.)
[de]
Forschungsreaktoren haben die Aufgabe, einen moeglichst hohen Neutronenfluss mit einer der jeweiligen Nutzung angepassten Energie- und Ortsabhaengigkeit zur Verfuegung zu stellen. Dabei wird heute vor allem auf die ausserhalb des Kerns erzeugten langsamen ('thermischen') Neutronen Wert gelegt, weil diese sowohl ueber Stahlrohre fuer Streuexperimente als auch direkt fuer die Bestrahlung von Proben genutzt werden koennen, wogegen die im Kerninnern vorhandenen schnellen Neutronen mehr in Sonderfaellen von Bedeutung sind (vor allem fuer die Untersuchung von Strahlenschaeden). Die in den Forschungsreaktoren erzeugte thermische Leistung ist meist relativ klein (typisch kleiner als 50 MW) und wird in aller Regel ungenuetzt abgegeben. Das beruht u.a. darauf, dass aus Gruenden einer optimalen Kernkuehlung (aber auch aus experimentellen Gruenden) das Temperaturniveau dieser Waermeleistung sehr tief liegt, naemlich zu tief fuer eine Umwandlung in elektrische Leistung und auch wenig attraktiv fuer Heizzwecke; darueber-hinaus waere diese Leistung entsprechend dem Experimentierprogramm zeitlich nicht sehr regelmaessig verfuegbar. (orig.)Original Title
Neue Forschungsreaktoren
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Journal Article
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Boening, K.; Glaeser, W.
Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany, F.R.). Fakultaet fuer Physik1989
Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany, F.R.). Fakultaet fuer Physik1989
AbstractAbstract
[en] Reference core KKE7 could be defined and specified in all dimensions, materials, uranium density and distribution, control rod structure and central canal (for core control and guidance, and removal of D2O). The effectiveness of the central control rod and of the cooling under the different operational conditions is largely known. Questions on the erection, control and guidance, anchoring and handling are answered with respect to the following components: Details of the D2O reflector tank with central canal, internals and adjacent cooling structure. Mechanical design of KKE5 and KKE 7 with anchorings and guide system. Conception and comparisons of the power control rod with drive, linkage, absorber and Beryllium sequential controller. Fitting of emergency shutdown rods positioned in relation to the beam holes, the cold source and the cooling structure. Logistical studies on the compact core, control rod, emergency shutdown rods, instrumentation, central canal, beam holes and the D2O reflector tank for operational refuelling, inspection and repair. (orig.)
[de]
Der Referenzkern KKE7 konnte in allen Abmessungen, Werkstoffen, Urandichte und -verteilung, Steuerstabaufbau und Zentralkanal (zur Fuehrung des Kerns und Abtrennung vom D2O) festgeschrieben werden. Die Wirksamkeit des zentralen Steuerstabes und der Kuehlung unter den verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen sind weitgehend bekannt. Die Fragen zur Aufstellung, Fuehrung, Halterung und Handhabung wurden zu den folgenden Komponenten beantwortet: Detaillierung des D2O-Reflektortanks mit Zentralkanal, Einbauten und anschliessender Kuehlstruktur. Mechanische Gestaltung des KKE5 und KKE7 mit Halterung und Fuehrung. Konzipierung und Vergleiche des Regelstabs mit Antrieb, Gestaenge, Absorber und Berylliumfolger. Einbau der Schnellabschaltstaebe bei Anpassung an die Lage der Strahlrohre, der Kalten Quelle sowie der Kuehlstruktur. Logistik-Untersuchungen an Kompaktkern, Steuerstab, Schnellabschaltstaebe, Messtechnik, Zentralkanal, Strahlrohre sowie dem D2O-Reflektortank fuer betriebliche Wechsel, Kontrollen und Reparaturen. (orig.)Original Title
Projektstudie ueber die Festlegung und technische Realisierung des Kompaktkerns mit evolventenfoermigen Brennstoffplatten
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24 Apr 1989; 28 p; CONTRACT BMFT KWA 1601 9
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AbstractAbstract
No abstract available
Original Title
IGORR 8: die zukuenftige Rolle von Forschungsreaktoren
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Journal Article
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Atw. Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Kernenergie; ISSN 1431-5254; ; v. 46(6); p. 413-416
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ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, LICENSING, MEDICINE, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, OPERATION, PARTICLE SOURCES, POOL TYPE REACTORS, RADIATION FLUX, RADIATION SOURCES, REACTOR CHANNELS, REACTOR COMPONENTS, REACTOR EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES, REACTORS, RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS, RESEARCH REACTORS, WATER COOLED REACTORS, WATER MODERATED REACTORS
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The major research reactors, both in Europe and in the USA, are mainly run on highly enriched uranium. In not one of the over 100 HEU operated research reactors worldwide have quantity shortfalls ever occurred to date. For Germany there is no need whatever for additional proliferation controls, as the HEU consumption of only around 40 kg per annum in this country is monitored in two ways: By the IAEA inspectors and by those from Euratom. Those are the key points put forward by Prof. Glaeser from the Department of Physics of the Technical University of Munich in response to an article by Winfried Krull which appeared in the May issue of 'atw'. His critics accuse him of bias and misrepresentation; Krulls' article has caused 'shaking of the head and annoyance' (as Prof. Glaeser puts it) among most operators of research reactor and their users. According to Glaeser's depiction, operation of the FRN II is in no way contrary to the INFC recommendations, and has been expressly approved both by the European Commission and by the German Wissenschaftsrat (Science Council). Where objectively possible, Glaeser claims, Germany too has converted its research reactors to LEU. He states that, relative to research capacity, 50 per cent of reactor outputs is from LEU, while in the USA the situation is reversed: Relative to output, just 4 per cent of reactors there are operated with LEU. To link this to the number of reactors, as Krull has done, borders on disinformation in Glaeser's view. Even after FNR II is commissioned into operation, Germany's HEU reactor output will reach only 20 MW, he claims, as older smaller plants will have been decommissioned in the meantime. Consequently, according to Prof. Glaeser, Germany has just 5% of the capacity installed in the American HEU research reactors. (orig.)
[de]
Die groesseren Forschungsreaktoren sowohl in Europa als auch in den USA werden ueberwiegend mit hochangereichertem Uran betrieben. In keinem einzigen der weltweit ueber 100 Forschungsreaktoren, die mit HEU betrieben werden, ist es bisher zu Fehlmengen gekommen. Fuer die Bundesrepublik besteht keinerlei Bedarf an zusaetzlicher Proliferations-Kontrolle, da der HEU-Verbrauch von nur etwa 40 kg pro Jahr hierzulande zweifach kontrolliert wird; durch die Inspektoren der IAEA und durch die von Euratom. Das sind die wesentlichen Feststellungen, mit denen Prof. Glaeser vom Physik Departement der TU Muenchen auf einen in der Maiausgabe von atw erschienen Artikel von Winfried Krull reagiert. Krulls Kritiker werfen ihm Einseitigkeit und falsche Darstellung vor; sein Beitrag habe bei den meisten Forschungsreaktorbetreibern und ihren Nutzern 'Kopfschuetteln und Veraergerung' (Prof. Glaeser) ausgeloest. Der Betrieb des FRM II steht nach Glaesers Darstellung keineswegs im Widerspruch zu den INFC-Empfehlungen und sei sowohl von der EU-Kommission als auch vom Deutschen Wissenschaftsrat ausdruecklich gebilligt. Wo dies sachlich moeglich gewesen sei, habe auch Deutschland seine Forschungsreaktoren auf LEU umgestellt, gemessen an der Forschungskapazitaet wuerden heute 50 Prozent der Reaktorleistungen mit LEU betrieben. Die Verhaeltnisse in den USA seien demgegenueber umgekehrt: Gemessen an der Leistung werden dort gerade mal 4 Prozent der Reaktoren mit LEU betrieben. Dies an der Anzahl der Reaktoren festzumachen, wie es Krull getan hat, grenze an Desinformation. Auch nach der Inbetriebnahme des FRM II wuerden in Deutschland nur etwa eine mit HEU zu betreibende Reaktorleistung von 20 MW erreicht werden, da aeltere kleinere Anlagen bis dahin abgeschaltet wuerden. Damit verfuege die Bundesrepublik nur ueber 5 Prozent der in den amerikanischen HEU-Forschungsreaktoren installierten Leistung. (orig.)Original Title
Forschungsreaktoren auch zukuenftig mit HEU
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Journal Article
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Atw. Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Kernenergie; ISSN 1431-5254; ; v. 44(7); p. 471-472
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ACTINIDES, COOPERATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, ELEMENTS, ENRICHED URANIUM, ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, EUROPE, ISOTOPE ENRICHED MATERIALS, MATERIALS, METALS, NORTH AMERICA, POOL TYPE REACTORS, REACTORS, RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS, RESEARCH REACTORS, URANIUM, WATER COOLED REACTORS, WATER MODERATED REACTORS, WESTERN EUROPE
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The decline of neutron source capacity in the next decades urges for the planning and construction of new neutron sources for basic and applied research with neutrons. Modern safety precautions of research reactors make them competitive with other ways of neutron production using non-chain reactions for many applications. Research reactors consequently optimized offer a very broad range of possible applications in basic and applied research. Research reactors at universities also in the future have to play an important role in education and training in basic and applied nuclear science. (orig.)
Primary Subject
Source
Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany); Framatome ANP GmbH, Erlangen (Germany); 324 p; 2001; p. 25-34; IGORR 8: 8. meeting of the International Group on Research Reactors (IGORR); Munich (Germany); 17-20 Apr 2001; Available from TIB Hannover
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The construction of the new research reactor FRM II is close to completion. The start of nuclear operation is planned for the year 2001. After a short description of the concept and figures of merit of the facility, the scientific instrumentation and user installations for basic and applied research (worked out largely by the German user community) being under construction will be summarized. Besides the introduction of several new techniques considerable progress in the performance of standard neutron techniques is envisaged. (author)
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European Nuclear Society, Berne (Switzerland); Belgian Nuclear Society (Belgium); International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); 217 p; 1999; p. 15-19; 3. International Topical Meeting on Research Reactor Fuel Management (RRFM '99); Bruges (Belgium); 28-30 Mar 1999; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); 4 refs, 4 figs
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Report
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INIS VolumeINIS Volume
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The decline of neutron source capacity in the next decades urges for the planning and construction of new neutron sources for basic and applied research with neutrons. Modern safety precautions of research reactors make them competitive with other ways of neutron production using non-chain reactions for many applications. Research reactors consequently optimized offer a very broad range of possible applications in basic and applied research. Research reactors at universities also in the future have to play an important role in education and training in basic and applied nuclear science. (orig.)
Primary Subject
Source
Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany); Framatome ANP GmbH, Erlangen (Germany); 324 p; 2001; p. 25-34; IGORR 8: 8. meeting of the International Group on Research Reactors (IGORR); Munich (Germany); 17-20 Apr 2001
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AbstractAbstract
No abstract available
Source
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Proceedings series; p. 841-849; 1972; IAEA; Vienna; Symposium on neutron inelastic scattering; Grenoble, France; 6 Mar 1972; IAEA-SM--155/G-3
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Book
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Conference
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ALKANES, BARYONS, BEAMS, DISTANCE, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, ELEMENTS, ENERGY LEVELS, ENERGY-LEVEL TRANSITIONS, FERMIONS, HADRONS, HYDROCARBONS, MULTIPOLES, NEUTRONS, NONMETALS, NUCLEON BEAMS, NUCLEONS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORIENTATION, PARTICLE BEAMS, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, SCATTERING, THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
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[en] The author discusses the techniques used to study atomic motion in liquid metals. Principally he considers neutron scattering to determine the structure factor of liquid sodium. (Auth.)
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Source
Luescher, E. (Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany, F.R.). Fakultaet fuer Physik); Fritsch, G. (Muenchen Univ. (Germany, F.R.)); Jacucci, G. (Univ. degli Studi di Trento, Povo (Italy). Dipt. di Matematica e Fisica) (eds.); NATO ASI Series; no. 118; 533 p; ISBN 90-247-3411-8; ; 1987; p. 258-278; Martinus Nijhoff; Dordrecht (Netherlands); NATO Advanced Study Institute on amorphous and liquid materials; Passo della Mendola (Italy); 26 Aug - 7 Sep 1985
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