[en] The DPF physics includes as an important point the investigation of the turbulent phenomena. The parameters of the microturbulence taking place within the DPF current sheath and inside a zone of the e-beam relaxation are of special interest here. A new diagnostic method, spectro holography, has been used to extract the following optical parameters: angle and wavelength spectra, degree of the incoherency of the scattered light and the multiplicity of scattering. Spectro holography is a laser in combination with the interferometer, spectrometer, iris-diaphragm, and 2D-intensity distribution measurements. These data can deliver the information in search: the nature and size of the turbulent cells, their softness, velocity, and the energy level of the turbulence. The investigation of the acceleration mechanism and the abnormal e-beam relaxation in the DPF will be described in connection with the related microturbulence

[en] Results of investigation of plasma focus epithermal radiation near plasma frequency and its second harmonic in the infrared region are presented. Infrared radiation have been investigated in the modes with one and two compressions. From the results obtained the conclusions have been made: plasma focus epithermal background radiation is due to power electron fluxes from preanode plasma; epithermal radiation harmonics spectra can be accounted for by representation on Langmuir turbulence: - anisotropic one - in case of low neutron yield (spontaneous scattering of Langmuir waves on electrons) and anisotropic one - in case of high neutron yield (Langmuir waves interaction); Langmuir wave energy density is low; thus the given process neither is responsible for anomalous relaxation of power electron fluxes in the plasma focus nor anisotropy of Langmuir turbulence itself arrising in case of high neutron yield

[en] Experimental investigations of the recent years allow to treat the discharge of plasma-focus-type (DPF) as an inductive storage with the switching time of the order of tens nsec. It results from the interferometry and X-ray measurements. The moment of the current sheath rupture coincides with the beginning of hard X-ray pulse. A considerable part of the bank energy (concentrated in the magnetic field near focus) converts into the electron beam energy with the mean energy of electrons of the order of 100 keV after the disruption of the current. The interferometry is allowed to investigate the dynamics of REB in DPF. The beam appeared to be divided into several filaments, and disturbed by ''hose'' instability and self-focusing inside the residual plasma. The X-ray pinhole pictures showed high plasma luminosity in the regions of beam focus, a neutron yield of the set-up had its maximum at this moment. All these data with anomalous scattering of diagnostic laser light in this region, high level of plasma noise with the frequency of the order of Langmuir frequency (by the factor of 10⁶) and broad neutron spectra show us that an effective turbulent interaction of REB with plasma takes place in DPF. An experiment of particular interest for us involves the realization of laser initiated breakdown in the insulator and a combined laser-REB plasma heating. Analytical calculations indicate that when the REB energy is of the order of 10⁴ to 10⁶ J and the laser pulse duration of 10^-9 to 10^-10 sec, the laser energy of the order of 10³J is required for the experiment

[en] Two-channel intrinsic luminescence recording circuit and plasma interferometry in plasma focus are described. Data on plasma dynamics and distribution in plasma focus are obtained, the role of turbulent processes is evaluated

[en] A high-power 20-channel neodymium-glass laser is described (energy -- 1 kj, pulse duration 2 nsec). It is part of the ''Flora'' facility intended for combined simultaneous heating of a plasma by powerful laser radiation (PLR) and by a relativistic electron beam (REB) produced in a facility of the ''plasma focus'' type. The paper deals theoretically with the processes of combined interaction of PLR and REB with a current plasma and a solid target

[en] The feasibility of developing a hybrid reactor based on the DPF device has been analyzed. A special type of blanket with a mean gain coefficient of the order of 100 permits to use DPF installation with Q₁ = 0.1. The system looks very promising from the points of view of proliferation and relatively moderate size of the energy storage system. (orig.)

[en] The ''Flora'' installation is developed to carry out a combined plasma heating by power laser radiation (PLR) and relativistic electrone beam (REB). The installation consists of a 20-channel power neodymium laser with the energy of 1kJ (pulse duration equals 2ns) and of the ''Plasma focus'' installation with the following parameters: condenser battery energy equals 52kJ, work voltage is 27kW, neutron yield equals 2-4x10⁹ neutron/pulse. The description of the main parts of the ''Flora'' installation and laser radiation characteristics are given. The processes of PLR and REB combined interaction with the current plasma and solid target are theoretically studied. It is shown that at PLR and REB combined interaction on a thermonuclear target with the ''Plasma focus'' battery energy of 4x10⁴J in case of using solid targets of a special construction the neutron yield up to 10¹² neutron/pulse is possible

[en] Between soft X ray sources fitted to demands of nanotechnology and, in particular, to the goals of proximity X ray lithography and micromachining a dense plasma focus (DPF) device has its own niche. We developed new principles of design and operation of this device confronted the technology specifications. It is a collection of a new component base (DPF chambers, capacitors, pseudosparks as switching elements, firing system, etc.), special regimes of the systems operation, geometry of the systems arrangement, and some other means. We manufactured several samples of this design and tested them in a single and in a repetitive mode of operation as well as with various gas and gas mixtures. Optimization of its operation gave us a possibility to reach soft X ray power circa 300 W with its efficiency 1...10% from the mains. Samples of photoresists irradiated with these devices are presented. (author)

No abstract available

[en] The dependence of spatial anisotropy of neutron radiation at plasma focus (PF) devices is studied. It is found that in case of chamber filling by deuterium with argon addition the anisotropy character coincides with the one conventionally observed at PF devices, whereas in case of pure deuterium use the anisotropy character changes for the opposite one