[en] Monte Carlo codes, precise but slow, are very important tools in the vast majority of specialities connected to Radiation Physics, Radiation Protection and Dosimetry. A discussion about some other computing solutions is carried out; solutions not only based on the enhancement of computer power, or on the 'biasing'used for relative acceleration of these codes (in the case of photons), but on more efficient methods (A.N.N. - artificial neural network, C.B.R. - case-based reasoning - or other computer science techniques) already and successfully used for a long time in other scientific or industrial applications and not only Radiation Protection or Medical Dosimetry. (authors)

[en] In order to reduce the computing time needed by Monte Carlo codes in the field of irradiation physics, notably in dosimetry, the authors report the use of artificial neural networks in combination with preliminary Monte Carlo calculations. During the learning phase, Monte Carlo calculations are performed in homogeneous media to allow the building up of the neural network. Then, dosimetric calculations (in heterogeneous media, unknown by the network) can be performed by the so-learned network. Results with an equivalent precision can be obtained within less than one minute on a simple PC whereas several days are needed with a Monte Carlo calculation

[en] Motion acquisition is frequently performed to improve the treatment ballistics of external radiation therapy. Nevertheless, this acquisition is an additional source of radiation exposure for the patient. The development of the numerical simulation platform NEMOSIS (Neural Network Motion Simulation System) offers new perspectives for the dose optimization in imaging. It allows one to generate a localized and customized lung motion using a 3D model of the patient. For 3 patients, 5 to 6 anatomic points were simulated and compared with the points plotted by the radiation therapist. In the worst case, the results show an average accuracy of 3 mm for all the points of a patient, at every phase, with an expanded uncertainty of plotting equal to 1.5 mm (confidence interval of 95%) and a maximum uncertainty of 6.53 mm over one phase. Another study comparing the GTV (Gross Tumor Volume) of a radiation therapist and that computed by NEMOSIS was also carried out. A Dice index stating a minimum correspondence of 0.80 was computed between these two types of volumes. These results make NEMOSIS a very promising tool as an alternative solution to irradiation imaging. (authors)

[en] The Planning Target Volume (PTV) is one of the existing margins during the treatment of cancerous tumours by radiotherapy. It includes tumoral tissues as well as the patient positioning error between each radiotherapy session, and more particularly the intentional or unintentional patient movements. While focusing on pulmonary movements, and as the pulmonary tumour moves as the patient breathes, the authors aim at developing a weakly ionizing technique to catch the pulmonary movement of each patient, and therefore decrease the PTV. Several algorithms are implemented to process 2D and 3D images

[en] In case of accidental exposure to radiation, it is necessary to establish as soon as possible a dosimetry report for each victim. In most cases, this report is based on medical images of the victim, enabling the construction of a personalized realistic numerical model, also called a voxel phantom. Unfortunately it is not always possible to perform the medical imaging of the victim since the technology may be unavailable or to avoid additional exposure to radiation. In such cases, the commonly used method is to represent the victim with a numerical model like the 'Reference Man', a voxelized phantom representative of the average male individual. The treatment accuracy depends on the diagnosis precision and, consequently, on the similarity of the phantom and/to the victim. A precise dosimetry evaluation requires a personalized and realistic phantom whose bio metric characteristics match the victim; such model is often unavailable. The Case-Based Reasoning (C.B.R.) is a problem solving method for the conception of intelligent systems. It imitates the analysis, understanding and reconstruction of the human intelligence. The ReEPh project (Research of Equivalent Phantom) proposes to use the case-based reasoning (C.B.R.) principles to retrieve from a set of phantoms, the most adapted one to the irradiated victim. For this study, the ReEPh platform retrieves, stores and compares existing phantoms to a victim. A graphic interface enables the user to compare victim characteristics to the ones of the most similar phantoms available in the database. This defines a similarity index presenting the equivalence between the victim and the suggested phantom. Moreover, a confidence index is also assessed to define the uncertainty implied by the reasoning from a case (RaPC) choice procedure. (authors)

[en] Purpose. A way to improve the accuracy of lung radiotherapy for a patient is to get a better understanding of its lung motion. Indeed, thanks to this knowledge it becomes possible to follow the displacements of the clinical target volume (CTV) induced by the lung breathing. This paper presents a feasibility study of an original method to simulate the positions of points in patient's lung at all breathing phases. Patients and methods. This method, based on an artificial neural network, allowed learning the lung motion on real cases and then to simulate it for new patients for which only the beginning and the end breathing data are known. The neural network learning set is made up of more than 600 points. These points, shared out on three patients and gathered on a specific lung area, were plotted by a MD. Results. - The first results are promising: an average accuracy of 1 mm is obtained for a spatial resolution of 1 x 1 x 2.5 mm³. Conclusion. We have demonstrated that it is possible to simulate lung motion with accuracy using an artificial neural network. As future work we plan to improve the accuracy of our method with the addition of new patient data and a coverage of the whole lungs. (authors)

[en] The authors reports the development of the EquiVox platform, the aim of which is to allow a radioprotection expert (physician, biologist or other) to work with a phantom which will be the closest possible to the examined person in order to make an as precise as possible dosimetric assessment. The objective is to help to select the best phantom among those the expert knows depending on the assessment type he wants to make. First, they present the general principles of the case-based reasoning, and then the EquiVox platform which proposes all the steps: formalization, elaboration, comparison, and so on. Based on typical numerical values associated with different morphological characteristics, they present and discuss graphical results obtained by the platform. They also discuss their validity and reliability

[en] This document gathers the slides of the available presentations given during these conference days. Twenty seven presentations are assembled in the document and deal with: 1 - GATE: calculation code for medical imaging, radiotherapy and dosimetry (S. Jan); 2 - estimation of conversion factors for the measurement of the ambient dose equivalent rate by in-situ spectroscopy (J.P. Laedermann); 3 - geometry specific calibration factors for nuclear medicine activity meters (F. Bochud); 4 - Monte Carlo simulation of a rare gases measurement system - calculation and validation, ASGA/VGM system (A. Ferragut); 5 - design of a realistic radiation field for the calibration of the dosemeters used in interventional radiology/cardiology (medical personnel dosimetry) (J.M. Bordy); 6 - determination of the position and height of the KALINA facility chimney at CEA Cadarache (L.L. Parisi); 7 - MERCURAD^TM - 3D simulation software for dose rates calculation (R. Abou-Khalil); 8 - PANTHERE - 3D software for gamma dose rates simulation of complex nuclear facilities (M. Longeot); 9 - radioprotection, from the design to the exploitation of radioactive materials transportation containers (S. Kitsos); 10 - post-simulation processing of MCNPX responses in neutron spectroscopy (J.E. Groetz); 11 - last developments of the Geant4 Monte Carlo code for trace amounts simulation in liquid water at the molecular scale (C. Villagrasa); 12 - Calculation of H_p(3)/K_air conversion coefficients using PENELOPE Monte-Carlo code and comparison with MCNP calculation results (J. Daures); 13 - artificial neural networks, a new alternative to Monte Carlo calculations for radiotherapy (E. Martin); 14 - use of case-based reasoning for the reconstruction and handling of voxelized fantoms (J. Henriet); 15 - resolution of the radioactive decay inverse problem for dose calculation in radioprotection (A. Tsilanizara); 16 - use of NURBS-type fantoms for the study of the morphological factors influencing the pulmonary anthropo-radiometry (J. Farah); 17 - evaluation of the GUINEVERE experiment shielding (W. Uyttenhove); 18 - GATE/GEANT4 validation for external radiotherapy (Y. Perrot); 19 - European intercomparison of Monte Carlo code users for the kerma uncertainty calculation in air near a ¹³⁷Cs source (L. De Carlan); 20 - decision threshold and detection limit in gamma dose rate measurement (A. Vivier); 21 - uncertainties spreading from basic data of nuclear reactors key parameters (I. Kodeli); 22 - evaluation of secondary neutrons-related doses received by patients treated by proton-therapy (R. Sayah); 23 - radioprotection optimization for nuclear medicine patients: doses evaluation for the new reference voxelized fantoms of the CIPR (international commission of radiological protection) (L. Hadid); 24 - radiological accident reconstruction using numerical tools: towards a more and more realistic representation of the victim (E. Courageot); 25 - new tools for treatment optimization after internal contamination by Pu/Am/Cm (P. Fritsch); 26 - development of an expert system for the consideration of uncertainties in internal contamination monitoring (E. Davesne); 27 - CUTADOSE, a calculation code for skin dose estimation after skin contamination (X. Michel). (J.S.)

[en] In the case of a radiological emergency situation, involving accidental human exposure, it is necessary to establish as soon as possible a dosimetry evaluation. In most cases, this evaluation is based on numerical representations and models of the victims. Unfortunately, personalised and realistic human representations are often unavailable for the exposed subjects. Hence, existing models like the 'Reference Man' representative of the average male individual are used. However, the accuracy of the treatment depends on the similarity of the phantom to the victim. The EquiVox platform (Research of Equivalent Voxel phantom) developed in this work uses the case-based reasoning principles to retrieve, from a set of existing phantoms, the most adapted one to represent the victim. This paper introduces the EquiVox platform and gives the example of in vivo lung monitoring optimisation to prove its efficiency in choosing the right model. It also presents the artificial neural network tools being developed to adapt the model to the victim. (authors)

[en] This document brings together the available presentations (slides) given at the 8. national congress of the French society of radiation protection SFRP and dealing with: 1 - Electro-hypersensitivity syndrome as seen by French physicians; 2 - French population exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field: main findings from EXPERS study; 3 - Regulation relative to workers protection against artificial optical radiation risks; 4 - Radon-related full-life risk; 5 - Risk of Cardiovascular disease mortality in a cohort of French uranium conversion workers potentially exposed to low uranium doses via inhalation; 6 - Epidemiological study in the vicinity of nuclear facilities in Spain; 7 - Comparison of absorbed doses after contamination by chronic ingestion of ¹³⁷Cs or ⁹⁰Sr; 8 - Uranium nano-particulates biokinetics after inhalation; 9 - Evolution of radiation protection basic standards at the European scale; 10 - Present day situation of radiation protection applied to instrumentation standardisation in CEI's and CENELEC's international bodies; 11 - Revision of the guidebook about the management of potentially contaminated sites: new approach elements; 12 - Distance training platform for medical radiation protection; 13 - Stakeholders involvement in uranium mining sites management: the GEP-Limousin experience; 14 - Radiation protection workshops: experience of the Notre Dame high school of Boulogne-Billancourt; 15 - Implementation of a citizen workshop about radon in private housing; 16 - Thoron influence on radon measurement in air - the case of a ionization chamber; 17 - Application of the equivalent dose concept for the lens of the eye; 18 - The radiation protection supervisory position - experience feedback from 3 partial visits at the Gravelines NPP; 19 - Evaluation and management of risks linked with the exposure to Auger and beta emitting radionuclides; 20 - Development of an extended man's phantom library: method and results; 21 - Use of computer-learning techniques in radiation protection and related domains; 22 - O'CLOC study - cataracts in interventional cardiologists; 23 - Doses received in extremities and eye lens by medical personnel: results of the ORAMED European project; 24 - Use of operational dosemeters in interventional radiology/cardiology: results of the ORAMED European project; 25 - Sub-ungual multi-parametric capillaroscopy of occupational chronic exposure in interventional radiology; 26 - Example of workplace and zoning analysis in interventional neuro-radiology; 27 - Dosimetric study of various work places in prostate brachytherapy; 28 - Contribution to radiation protection of the partial redesigning of a nuclear medicine service; 29 - Committed effective doses evaluated by the IRSN after internal contamination of nuclear medicine personnel - 2006-2010 status; 30 - Why and how developing a quality approach in radiation protection?; 31 - 2011 status and perspectives of radiation protection in medical environment. The ASN's viewpoint; 32 - Doses in scanography: results of a multi-centric inquiry; 33 - Status of the optimization approach of patients dosimetry in interventional radiology at Clermont Ferrand univ. health centre; 34 - Can we define reference levels in interventional neuro-radiology with diagnostic and therapeutic purposes?; 35 - EMAN: implementation of an ALARA european network in the medical domain; 36 - In-vivo surface and intra-cavitary dosimetry in patient's radiotherapy using multi-channel OSL/FO technique; 37 - Estimation of secondary cancers after robotized stereotactic radiotherapy of lung cancer; 38 - Medical-surgical management of an injured person after radio-contamination by plutonium or americium (Percy area); 39 - Industrial radiography incident at Flamanville nuclear site; 40 - Incorporated activity mapping using Monte-Carlo simulations in case of complex contaminations; 41 - IRSN's metrology teams preparedness for crisis; 42 - Alpha irradiation problem following an internal contamination: dose calculation at the cell scale; 43 - Clinical practice recommendations for the medico-professional monitoring of the internal exposure to radionuclides in nuclear facilities; 44 - Lung doses and risk of lung cancer mortality in the French uranium miners population; 45 - First tests of the Gampix gamma camera at a EDF site: operational search for hot spots; 46 - Evolution of IRSN's national follow-up of workers exposure; 47 - A model for measuring the dosimetric risks: application to gamma-graphy control operators; 48 - Innovative method for simulating realistic situations in radiation protection training; 49 - Sensible activities in radiation protection - method for developing and maintaining the skill of radiation protection technicians in sensible activities at a EDF NPP; 50 - Experience feedback: radiation protection management during the dismantling of the I.N.B. 106 LURE; 51 - What can we expect today from the radiological monitoring of the environment? 52 - Methodology for the development of the environmental monitoring of a nuclear site in the framework of an application for authorisation for water extraction and wastewater discharge. Application to the Bruyeres-le-Chatel facility; 53 - National measurement network for environmental radioactivity; 54 - Confrontation of modeling and metrology approaches with the aim of optimizing the environmental monitoring plan; 55 - Symbiose: a platform for health risk modeling at a landscape scale; 56 - Orphan uranium mines: situation and actions to be taken considering the radiological and mining risks; 57 - Behaviour of ¹³¹I bearing effluents after discharge in waste waters. Study at the sewage treatment plant of the Brest city harbour area; 58 - Experimental study for the characterization of the radon influx potential inside a building - development of an alternative method to measurement