[en] Computer studies of pole design and magnet shimming techniques are discussed for a very precise 14.72 kG iron core storage ring magnet to be used for the proposed measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The experiment requires knowledge of the field in the 7m radius storage ring dipole to approximately 0.1 ppM (1 x 10^-7). The goal is to produce field uniformity of approximately 1 ppM. Practical and mathematical limitations prevent obtaining such accuracy directly with a computer code such as POISSON, which is used in this study. However, this precision can be obtained for perturbations of the magnetic field. Results are presented on the internal consistency of the computations and on the reliability of computing perturbations produced by Fe shims. Shimming techniques for very precise field modification and control are presented

[en] For 50 years particle accelerators employing accelerating cavities and deflecting magnets have been developed at a prodigious rate. New accelerator concepts and hardware ensembles have yielded great improvements in performance and GeV/$. The great idea for collective acceleration resulting from intense auxiliary charged-particle beams or laser light may or may not be just around the corner. In its absence, superconductivity (SC) applied both to rf cavities and to magnets opened up the potential for very large accelerators without excessive energy consumption and with other economies, even with the cw operation desirable for colliding beams. HEP has aggressively pioneered this new technology: the Fermilab single ring 1 TeV accelerator - 2 TeV collider is near the testing stage. Brookhaven National Laboratory's high luminosity pp 2 ring 800 GeV CBA collider is well into construction. Other types of superconducting projects are in the planning stage with much background R and D accomplished. The next generation of hadron colliders under discussion involves perhaps a 20 TeV ring (or rings) with 40 TeV CM energy. This is a very large machine: even if the highest practical field B approx. 10T is used, the radius is 10x that of the Fermilab accelerator. An extreme effort to get maximum GeV/$ may be crucial even for serious consideration of funding

[en] This report covers research into the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the by-pass flow in BWR's performed at MIT. The objective was to develop a better understanding of bypass region heat sources, flows, and void distributions. The term bypass in this report refers to those flow paths in the reactor between the assemblies and external to the channel walls. The heat deposited in the bypass region was divided into three sources: (1) conduction across the channel walls, (2) energy generated in the control rod by neutron absorption, and (3) energy deposited directly into the coolant by neutron moderation and gamma attenuation. The conduction source was modeled using standard heat transfer equations. The control rod heating was modeled using results from calculations using the computer code QUANDRY. The direct deposition energy was modeled using data from KENO neutronics calculations. A model was produced for estimating the bypass flowrates through statistical regression analysis of results calculated by the computer code FIBWR (Flow in Boiling Water Reactors). The resulting correlations were functions of percent total core power, percent total core flow, assembly geometry type and assembly power. The above models were coded into the computer code COBRA IIIc/MIT-2 and calculations were performed to determine the magnitude and distribution of voiding in the bypass flows

[en] The COBRA IIIc/MIT-2 computer program computes the flow and enthalpy in rod-bundle nuclear fuel element subchannels during both steady state and transient conditions. It uses a mathematical model which considers both turbulent and diversion crossflow mixing between adjacent subchannels. Each subchannel is assumed to contain one-dimensional, two-phase, separated, slip-flow. The two-phase flow structure is assumed to be fine enough to define the void fraction as a function of enthalpy, flow-rate, heat-flux, pressure, position and time. At the present time, steady-state two-phase flow correlations are assumed to apply to transients. The mathematical model neglects sonic velocity propagation; therefore, it is limited to transients where the transient times are greater than the time for a sonic wave to pass through the channel. The equations of the mathematical model are solved by using a semi-explicit finite difference scheme. This scheme also gives a boundary-value flow solution for both steady state and transients where the boundary conditions are the inlet enthalpy, inlet mass velocity, and exit pressure

[en] A 1.45 Tesla, 14.2 meter diameter ''superferric'' magnet is in an advanced stage of construction at BNL. This magnet will be used to store muons for a planned ultra-precise measurement of their anomalous magnetic moment g-2. This measurement requires a magnetic field uniformity of 1 PPM with a knowledge of the field over the muon orbits to 0.1 PPM. The methods built into the design to produce ultra-high field uniformity will be described. Large deviations from the ideal circularly symmetric uniform shape of the iron flux path are required to accommodate transfer lines and superconducting current leads, as well as apparatus for beam injection. Shimming methods to correct for the perturbations due to these large holes will be presented. The pole pieces consist of 36 closely fitting 10 degree arc sections butted together to produce a very good approximation to a continuous 360 degree ring magnet. However, in the cast of a possible quench of the superconducting coils, significant eddy currents will be induced which will circulate within the confines of each 10 degree pole piece. At the great precision required, these eddy currents may leave very small but significant aberrations in the field even after they decay away, because of slight changes in the orientation of the magnetization. Surface coil possibilities to correct for this effect will be described

[en] The large sextupole and other multipoles induced by eddy currents in the vacuum chamber (VC) designed for the AGS Booster dipoles have been cancelled by simple coils attached to the VC surface. A two turns per pole back leg winding provides the mmf required to power the correction coil by transformer action, automatically correcting even for the variable B magnet excitation. Much larger VC positional errors of translation and rotation are acceptable because the coils follow the VC contour: the aberrations and their corrections locally have the same misplaced coordinate system. The self-correction concept could be applied to quadrupoles. However, Booster quadrupole measurements show that induced higher harmonics from VC and other eddy current sources are very small. Thus, with self-correction of the dipole VC eddy current fields, B effects on the proton rapid cycling Booster optics are reduced to tracking of the fundamental dipole and quadrupole fields. This can be automatically controlled using field monitoring transducers located in a dipole and quadrupole operated in series with the Booster magnets. 2 refs., 4 figs

[en] Various aspects of the design and use of the AGS booster dipole magnet are discussed. The original design criteria and choices are outlined and possible additional uses for the booster magnet are described. These include an antiproton beam storage ring and low energy antiproton beam acceleration. Emphasis, however, is placed on possible use for high energy antiproton beams. Initial calculations are presented which show that the magnet can be powered significantly above its design field, but more study is required on this option

[en] Major components are in an advanced state of construction for a 7 meter radius 0.1 PPM precision storage ring. Detailed techniques are planned for static shimming of the assembly to at least 10 PPM magnetic field uniformity prior to the use of field correction coils. An air gap behind each ultra-pure iron pole piece strongly decouples the aperture field shape from the properties of the 1,006 iron yoke. Iron wedges whose thickness varies across the width of the poles with slope of ∼ 1/60 are used to eliminate the gradient produced by the C-magnet shape required for open access for the decay electron counter on the inside radius of the storage ring magnet. These wedges are 10 cm in azimuthal length and can be radially adjusted for short wavelength field adjustments. A horizontal motion of 50 μm effectively adjusts the 10 cm half-gap aperture by 1 μm (or 10 PPM). This and other techniques to adjust dipole, quadrupole, sextuple, etc. multipoles will be described

[en] For rapid cycled accelerators eddy currents induced in vacuum chambers (VC) are typically the dominant source of systematic and random field aberrations. Complex thin wall VC are expensive and delicate where bakeout is required, as in the AGS Booster under construction. Thick wall VC are rugged and economical but produce large eddy currents. A ''Self-Correction'' concept has been developed and tested which corrects automatically by transformer action, even for variable /dot B/ cycles. Coils attached to the outside of the VC cancel eddy current aberrations over the entire ''good field'' aperture. The (inexpensive) correction coils follow the local contour of the VC, so large transverse VC movements are tolerated; both the aberrations and their corrections have the same displaced coordinates. Experimental results are presented for Booster correction coil designs demonstrating both self-correction and excitation by a separate power supply. Analytic results applicable to the Booster and other fast cycling accelerators are discussed. The eddy current field aberrations induced in a pre-production full size vacuum chamber inserted in an AGS Booster dipole have been successfully eliminated by the ''self correction'' coils attached to its surface. The voltage induced in a two-turns per pole ''back leg'' winding is sufficient to supply the necessary current through the correction winding. A nichrome wire attached in series provides adjustable resistance for current control. 2 refs., 7 figs

[en] The Booster requires highly variable magnet cycles. When B is large, eddy current induced sextupole, etc., in the dipole vacuum chamber (VC) is large, with a much smaller contribution from magnet ends. Simple passive coils excited automatically by transformer action cancel the B induced sextupole. A self correction coil is not required for the quadrupoles, since g induced aberrations are very small (< 1.0 x 10^-4 at full aperture). Iron magnetization does not produce dipole or quadrupole magnet multipole aberrations, so these magnets have been effectively made independent of unwanted multipoles for all cycles. However, variations in the transfer functions and thus the Booster tune have not been automatically eliminated. Iron magnetization contributions are almost matched, but the B induced field retardation in the dipoles VC is larger than in the quadrupoles. Results of measurements will be presented, plus a simple system to overcome the mismatch and make the tune independent of B. Properties of special lattice magnets and their corrections will also be described