[en] We report recent results from Jefferson Lab Hall A 'Neutron Transversity' experiment (E06-010). Transversely polarized target single-spin asymmetry A_UT and beam-target double-spin asymmetry A_LT have been measured in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) reactions on a polarized neutron (³He) target. Collins-type and Sivers-type asymmetries have been extracted from A_UT for charged pion SIDIS productions, which are sensitive to quark transversity and Sivers distributions, correspondingly. Double spin asymmetry A_LT is sensitive to a specific quark transverse momentum dependent parton distribution (TMD), the so-called 'transverse helicity' (g1T ) distributions. In addition, target single spin asymmetries A_y in inclusive electron scattering on a transversely polarized ³He target in quasi-elastic and deep inelastic kinematics were also measured in Hall A.

[en] It has been proposed that the Siverse transverse single spin asymmetry in Drell-Yan production in transversely polarized p+p collisions would have an opposite sign compared to what has been observed in the polarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) experiments. Experimental confirmation or disapproval of this prediction would provide a new fundamental test of QCD and shed new light on our theoretical understanding of the transverse spin physics phenomena. We discuss the prospects and physics sensitivities of polarized fixed target Drell-Yan experiments that could utilize the existing proton and other hadron beams at Fermilab, and polarized proton beams at RHIC with a polarized solid proton and/or neutron target option. We show that if realized, the new experiments would provide critical measurements of not only the sign change (or not) of Sivers functions, but also the information of quark and antiquark's Sivers distributions over a wide kinematic range.

[en] We outline the physics oppertunities of semi-inclusive deep inelastic measurements with a polarized NH3 and a polarized 3He target in Jefferson Lab Hall A after the planned 12 GeV CEBAF machine upgrade. In this paper, we estimate statistical uncertainties associated with double-spin and single-spin asymmetries in (e,e'π) type measurements

[en] The issue of factorization in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic electron scattering is discussed. Existing evidences of factorization are briefly reviewed. We argue that by measuring yield ratios in (e,e^'π⁺) and (e,e^'π^-) reactions on hydrogen and deuterium, factorization can be demonstrated independent of the knowledge of fragmentation functions. The implications for the design of an e-A collider are discussed

[en] Objective: To evaluate the clinical application of proton magnetic resonance spectrosco- py(¹HMRS) in patients with radiotherapy treated intracranial tumors. Methods: Forty patients with intracranial tumors who would need further radiotherapy after surgery underwent multivoxel ¹HMRS examination before and after radiotherapy. The concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr) were obtained both in the tumor and the contralateral normal brain region. The ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA were calculated at the same time and 1-year follow-up. Results: After radiotherapy, tumors which had been inhibited by radiation had decreased Cho, NAA and Cr on ¹HMRS. Some lesions showed necrotic wave. During the 1-year follow-up, local recurrence was observed in 8 patients and their Cho,Cho/ NAA increased high again. In other patients ¹HMRS showed no change. Conclusions: Muhivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy which has become available for study of tumor metablites after radiotherapy, is valuable in the evaluation of radiotherapy treated tumors. (authors)

[en] Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming potent agents of natural selection in aquatic ecosystems because of their high production of some toxins and increased frequency in recent decades with eutrophication and climate change. Maternal exposure to the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa significantly increased the intrinsic rates of population increase, average life span, and net reproductive rates of a clone of the planktonic grazer Daphnia carinata in an offspring environment where cyanobacteria were present, but not for two additional clones. Offspring from mothers exposed to M. aeruginosa had lower intrinsic rates of population increase, average life span, and net reproductive rates than individuals from unexposed mothers when fed exclusively a green alga. These results suggest that benefits, costs, and clonal variations of maternal effects of inducible tolerance should be considered when trying to understand ecological consequences of cyanobacterial blooms since they can shape the trophic interactions between cyanobacteria and daphnids. -- Highlights: •Maternal exposure to Microcystis aeruginosa significantly increased the offspring tolerance in a Daphnia carinata clone. •Another two clones, however, failed to response to maternal exposure. •Offspring from exposed mothers had lower fitness when fed exclusively a green alga. -- Capsule: Maternal exposure to the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa increased offspring fitness in one of three Daphnia carinata clones and carried a cost

[en] Objective: To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of 3-(5'-hydroxy-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1) on hypoxic human adenocarcinoma cell line A₅₄₉. Methods: MTT assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of YC-1 on proliferation of A₅₄₉ cells. Clonogenic assay was performed to determine the radiosensitizing effect of YC-1 on hopxic A₅₄₉ cells. Single-hit multi-target model was used to plot survival curve and calculate sensitization enhancement ratio (SER). The cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Results: The proliferation of A₅₄₉ cells was inhibited by YC-1 in a time-dose-dependent manner. In normoxic and hypoxic cells, the IC₂₀ was 16.7 μmol/L and 39.2 μmol/L at 24 h, respectively. In the group of hypoxia plus YC-1, SER_D0 and SER_Dq were 1.11 and 1.26, respectively. In hypoxia, YC-1 combined with 2 Gy irradiation could induce cell apoptosis and prolong G₂ + M phase arrest ((30.17±1.21)% : (15.44±0.96)%, P =0.000; (21.56 ±0.47 )% :(6.16 ±0.16)%, P =0.000). Conclusions: YC-1 could enhance the radiosensitivity of hypoxic A₅₄₉ cells. (authors)

[en] In order to understand the effect of defect distribution on damage behaviors of optical films, the damage morphologies, damage processes and absorptive features are experimentally investigated for the multi-layer dielectric reflective films and single-layer sol-gel anti-reflective films. The results show that defects can be classified from functional property besides from morphological and optical properties. In other words, the laser resistance capability of different defects can be distinguished with their damage thresholds. The damage thresholds of optical films are very consistent with the density distributions and thermal absorptivities of defects. According to the damage threshold evaluations, the defects can be effectively classified and judged, and the distribution properties of functional defects in the optics surfaces can be analyzed. (authors)

[en] A fast testing method on inspecting defects of large aperture optics was introduced. With uniform illumination by LED source at grazing incidence, the image of defects on the surface of and inside the large aperture optics could be enlarged due to scattering. The images of defects were got by high resolution CCD camera and microscope, and the approximate mathematical relation between viewing dimension and real dimension of defects was simulated. Thus the approximate real dimension and location of all defects could be calculated through the high resolution pictures. (authors)

[en] In this paper, a crosslinked carboxymethyl starch (CCMS) was prepared with corn starch as the raw material, epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking agent, and chloroacetic acid as the etherifying agent through a series of crosslinking, alkalization, and etherification reactions, respectively. Nano-TiO₂ was loaded onto the surface of the CCMS by the sol-gel method to obtain a TiO₂/CCMS composite. The TiO₂/CCMS composite was characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM, and BET. XPS showed that the surface chemical composition of the TiO₂/CCMS composite material contained titanium; XRD diffraction patterns indicated that the crystal form of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was a combination of the CCMS and anatase TiO₂. The surface morphology obtained by SEM showed that there were nano-TiO₂ particles on the surface of the CCMS. The specific surface area of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was larger than that of CCMS. The adsorption-photodegradation performance of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was also studied under UV irradiation, and the results showed that significant adsorption-photodegradation synergies occurred.