[en] We study the quantum mechanical Liouville model with attractive potential which is obtained by Hamiltonian symmetry reduction from the system of a free particle on SL(2,R). The classical reduced system consists of a pair of Liouville subsystems which are 'glued together' in such a way that the singularity of the Hamiltonian flow is regularized. It is shown that the quantum theory of this reduced system is labelled by an angle parameter θ is an element of (0,2π) characterizing the self-adjoint extensions of the Hamiltonian and hence the energy spectrum. There exists a probability flow between the two Liouville subsystems, demonstrating that the two subsystems are also 'connected' quantum mechanically, even though all the wave functions in the Hilbert space vanish at the junction. (author)

[en] The Toshiba Corporation developed a real-time dynamic image transmission matched with quality of transmission circuit by using MPEG-4 which was recent international standard system for the dynamic image coding system. Concretely, this system made possible on real-time dynamic image transmission even at transmission on wireless circuit such as portable telephone, PHS, wireless LAN, and so on, at viewpoint of the mobile communication. And, by using the wireless circuit, it could be built without any limit of transmission cable, to realize its layout-free establishment. In addition, this system uses only image for communication without using voice, and some devices were carried out to upgrade image and frame speed as possible. Here were described on outlines of transmission system and principle of detection MPEG-4, and function and application of monitoring system using this system. (G.K.)

[en] It is investigated whether the Skyrme potential is applicable for the microscopic coupled channels analysis of nucleon-¹²C scattering in the resonance energy region. After studying carefully the conformity between our microscopic treatment and the phenomenological model, we carried out the numerical analysis of the nucleon-¹²C system, replacing the phenomenological coupling potential form factor by the microscopic one in the phenomenological coupled channels equations. Satisfactory agreements were obtained between theory and experiment. It is concluded that the microscopic coupling potential form factor constructed from the Skyrme potential yields correct effects of the coupling between the target ground and excited states. (author)

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No abstract available

[en] Entrainment behavior on a density interface of stratified fluids is very important for the piping design of various plants. In the previous study, it was found that the dimensionless entrainment velocity was inversely proportional to an overall Richardson number. This tendency was derived by the turbulent energy released from the energy-containing eddy was proportional to the energy consumption by the entrainment. In the present study, the tangential injection made the horizontal eddy above the density interface. The entrainment is done by the tornado formation by the horizontal eddy. The entrainment velocity by the horizontal eddy was compared with the model of the turbulent energy consumption by the entrainment. The effective entrainment behavior was obtained with the horizontal eddy. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Ion and electron flux profiles could be affected by the geometric of the target. In this study, a groove target with the groove width close to the ion gyro-radius was used to investigate this effect to the sheath formation. Several other types of target were also studied for comparison. It was found that the unbalance of ion and electron fluxes induced potential differences in the targets. Due to the potential difference electric currents are generated in the targets to compensated for the differences. When insulators are inserted in the targets, the sheath potentials change to balance ion and electron fluxes at the each position in the targets. (author)

[en] The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of combined use of positron emission tomography (PET) with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and ¹¹C-methionine (MET) for the preoperative evaluation of gliomas and to investigate the feasibility of PET in glioma surgery. Preoperative FDG (n=25) and/or MET (n=22) PET studies were performed in 26 patients with primary and recurrent adult gliomas. We qualitatively (visual analysis) and quantitatively evaluated the uptake of both tracers in the tumor location. For quantitative analysis, data were analyzed by a region of interest method using the standard uptake value (SUV) and a calculated uptake ratio. We investigated the correlation among the tracer uptake ratios, histological tumor grading and tumor proliferation activity. On visual inspection, no patient (0/9) with high uptake of FDG had low grade gliomas and 94% (14/15) had high grade gliomas, while uptake of MET was present in all patients. On quantitative analysis, histological tumor grade was most reflected in FDG uptake ratio compared with contralateral white matter. The tumor/normal brain (T/N) uptake ratio of MET increased stepwise with increasing histological grade but was not significantly different from tumor grade. In comparison of FDG and MET uptake ratio with proliferation activity, a significant correlation was shown for FDG uptake ratio, but not for the T/N ratio of MET. MET is useful in detecting and delineating the extent of the tumor, but not in evaluating tumor grade and proliferative activity. The FDG uptake ratio correlates well with tumor grade and proliferative activity. Preoperative PET studies with FDG and MET play complementary roles in the planning of glioma surgery, and integrated information from both tracers helps us to plan the extent of tumor resection. (author)

[en] To evaluate the intra- and interfractional gastric motion using repeated CT scans, six consecutive patients with gastric lymphoma treated at our institution between 2006 and 2008 were included in this study. We performed a simulation and delivered radiation therapy (RT) before lunch after an overnight fast to minimize the stomach volume. These patients underwent repeated CT scanning at mild inhale and exhale before their course of treatment. The repeated CT scans were matched on bony anatomy to the planning scan. The center of stomach was determined in the X (lateral), Y (superior-inferior), and Z (ventro-dorsal) coordinate system to evaluate the intra- and interfractional motion of the stomach on each CT scan. We then calculated the treatment margins. Each patient was evaluated four to five times before their course of RT. The average intrafractional motions were -12.1, 2.4 and 4.6 mm for the superior-inferior (SI), lateral (LAT), and ventro-dorsal (VD) direction. The average interfractional motions of the center of the stomach were -4.1, 1.9 and 1.5 mm for the SI, LAT and VD direction. The average of the vector length was 13.0 mm. The systematic and random errors in SI direction were 5.1, and 4.6 mm, respectively. The corresponding figures in LAT and VD directions were 10.9, 5.4, 10.0, and 6.5 mm, respectively. Thus, the 15.9, 31.0 and 29.6 mm of margins are required for the SI, LAT, and VD directions, respectively. We have demonstrated not only intrafractional stomach motion, but also interfractional motion is considerable. (author)