[en] During the fission process of nuclei there are highly elonged metastable states that are called exotic nuclei. The investigation of exotic states may lead us to a better understanding of nuclear fission and to the construction of fourth generation nuclear power plants. The experimental determination of the shape of nuclei is based on the measurement of moment of inertia. The rotational energy of a particle is quantized, and the energy of excitation. Supposing that the nuclei are rigid ellipsoids, the shape can be calculated from the spectrum. In case of ²⁴⁰Pu the rotational band based on isomer state has been determined, and the calculations show a superdeformed state of 2:1 axis ratio. Hyperdeformed states are investigated worldwide detecting γ photons emitted after bombardment with heavy ions. The cascaded γ photons emitted from the same nucleus allows us to describe the shape of the given nucleus. Ten years ago the Nuclear Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) installed a magnetic spectrometer to separate ions precisely according to their energy. Since then the spectrometer has been equipped by a modern electronic detector and a data collection system. The results have been published and discussed in conferences. Radioactive beams and high energy laser accelerators give new perspective to the investigations. (T-R.A.)

[en] Recently, in heavy nuclei, bond pion states with discrete energy levels have been discovered, below the energy needed to produce pions. These states (d, ³He) have been observed at bombarding energy of 500-600 MeV, with large energy and small pulse exchange. The produced pions are not actually captured in the core but in a deeply bounded 1s atomic state close to core. The bonding energies of the negative pions have been measured in five different heavy nuclei. The strong nuclear interaction decreases the bonding energy of pion's 1s state compared to the Coulomb interchange. Neutrons of the core are pushing while protons are dragging pions with negative charge. As a result, the pion nucleon interchange is proportional with the difference of radii of distribution of protons and neutron sin the nucleus. That difference is called neutron skin. (TRA)

[en] ^{114,112,110,108,106}In nuclei were studied by in-beam gamma and electron spectroscopy in proton and alpha induced reactions. The energy splitting of proton-neutron states of ^{116,114,112,110}In and ^122,120Sb nuclei was studied using the parabolic rule derived from the cluster-vibrational model. The parabolic rule gives a good description of the known energy levels. Quantum states of ¹¹⁴In were analyzed in detail. Nuclear wave functions and magnetic dipole moments were calculated by OTQM computer code. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data. (D.Gy.)

[en] As a result of these studies, we now have convincing kinematic evidence for the existence of the X17 particle. In all cases, the excited states of the nuclei to be examined were produced by proton capture, during which the nucleus entered a precisely defined excited state. this energy was used to create the X17 particle, and the remainder provided the particle's kinetic energy. a moving particle decays into e⁺ e^-. By calculating the kinematics of the two-particle decay, it turns out that the greater the kinetic energy of the particle, the smaller the angle formed by the e⁺ and e^- particles. The results of the kinematic calculations - assuming a different mass for the X17 particle - are shown in Figure 3 with a solid line. the figure clearly shows that our experimental results obtained for ⁸Be, ⁴He and ¹²C fit well with the result of the calculation assuming a mass of 17 meV/c 2 . I recently reported on our results in Nuclear Physics News and at the most recent NuPECC meeting (European Committee for Nuclear Physics) in Bratislava. In the future, we plan to investigate the decay of the X17 particle with 2γ-emission, as well as the measurement of the orbital momentum of the nuclei when X17 is emitted, in order to more accurately determine the spin and parity of the X17 particle and thus provide a more accurate picture for its theoretical interpretation. (author)

[en] Short communication

[en] Gamow-Teller (spin-flip, isospin-flip) transitions have played an important role in nuclear physics. Basic understanding of the processes requires reliable knowledge of the GT strength distribution at large excitation energy range as well as in nuclei far from the stability line. Spin-flip and isospin-flip transitions with higher multipolarities are also important. There is a predictable correlation between the cross section of the spin dipole resonance and the neutron-skin thickness of nuclei, which quantity is important for constraining the symmetry energy of the nuclear interaction. These investigations can be extended to unstable nuclei using (p, n) reactions with radioactive nuclear beams in inverse kinematics. Relativistic heavy-ion beams and especially rare-isotope beams open up a new avenue for studying spin-isospin giant resonances. Kinematically complete experiments can be performed in inverse kinematics and a large part of the physical background can be reduced in this way. After a review of the present status of the spin-flip and isospin-flip giant resonances I am going to discuss the future perspectives for studying such interesting giant resonances. (author)

[en] The γ-specturm of the ⁷⁰Zn(p,nγ)⁷⁰Ga reaction was measured with Ge(Li) spectrometers at 3, 3.5 and 4 MeV bombarding proton energies. 47 γ-rays were assigned to ⁷⁰Ga and the energies (Esub(γ)) and relative intensities (Isub(γ)) of γ-rays were determined. The electron spectrum of the reaction was measured with high transmission superconducting magnet transporter Si(Li) and mino-orange Si(Li) spectrometers. Internal conversion coefficients were determined for eight ⁷⁰Ga transitions. The level scheme of ⁷⁰Ga, γ-reanching ratios, multipolarity of transitions, level spins and parities were deduced. The energies of low-lying ⁷⁰Ga levels were calculated on the basis of the parabolic rule derived from the cluster-vibration model. This calculation provided a simple classification of several multiplet states in ⁷⁰Ga for the first time. (author)

[en] Multi-wired avalanche detectors operating with low pressure gas flushing for the study hyperdeformation in the ²³⁵U(d, pf) coincidence measurements are described. (K.A.)

[en] The quality of electron spectra measured by the superconducting magnetic lens plus Si(Li) spectrometer installed on a beam channel of Debrecen cyclotron was improved. The possible sources of background pulses were analyzed and suppressed by momentum selection method. The computer program simulating electron trajectories and calculating the transport properties of the spectrometer was further developed. The detected angular region was determined, a correction formula was derived and solid angle attenuation factors were calculated as a function of the magnetic induction. Some preliminary results obtained by the improved instrumentation are presented. (D.G.) 7 refs

[en] The γ-spectra and γ excitation functions of the ¹⁰²Ru(p,nγ)¹⁰²Rh reaction were measured with Ge(Li) and hyperpure, Ge spectrometers at various bombarding proton energies between 3.20 and 4.05 MeV. The γ-ray energies and intensities as well as the γ threshold energies were determined, and 43 new γ-rays were assigned to the ¹⁰²Rh nucleus. γγ-coincidence measurements were performed too at 4 MeV bombarding proton energy with Ge(Li) spectrometers. The level scheme of ¹⁰²Rh was deduced up to 580 keV excitation energy and 12 previously unobserved levels were placed in the scheme. (orig.)