[en] This paper is a brief review of a set of B decays in and beyond the standard model. The author discusses only right-handed B decays, certain rare B decays, B_c decays, B_s⁰B_s⁰ mixing, and T violation

[en] Effects of a fourth generation in B_s⁰-anti B_s⁰ mixing (x_s) and CP violation in the B system are discussed. Although four-generation models can accomodate practically any value of x_s, most of the four-generation parameter space predicts x_s to be in the standard model range. At most ∝1% of the parameter space predicts small B_s⁰-anti B_s⁰ mixing (x_s<2). The effects are much more striking in CP violating hadronic decay asymmetries. The CP asymmetry in B_d→ΨK_S is found to be negative in about half of the four-generation parameter space, and ∝40% of the space predicts an asymmetry vertical strokeA(B_s→Ψφ)vertical stroke>0.2. (orig.)

[en] This paper presents the standard model predictions for CP violating hadronic decay asymmetries in the form of probability distributions. From these distributions, it can be easily seen what the most likely values of these quantities are, which measurements would clearly be signs of new physics, and which values of the CP asymmetries would most constrain the parameters of the standard model

[en] This chapter considers a simply connected gauge group G, and assembles the Higgs fields into a scalar multiplet S, in some representation of G. The Higgs' vacuum expectation value breaks G to H, some subgroup of G. If the second homotopy group is non-trivial, there is a conserved charge. It is found that when SU(2) is broken to U(1), the charges are Z-type. When SU(2) is enlarged to G, there is more deformation freedom, so that configurations which were topologically inequivalent are transformed. Since there are two scales of symmetry breaking, there may be a monopole solution associated with each scale

[en] I review several topics involving CP violation with heavy hadrons. In particular, I discuss (i) hyperons: CP violation in the decay Λ⁰ → pπ^-, (ii) charm: indirect CP violation in the D⁰ system, both within and beyond the SM, and (iii) beauty: indirect CP violation in the neutral B-meson system beyond the SM. (orig.)

[en] In the standard model, there are four classes of CP violating hadronic asymmetries in the neutral B system which are relatively free of hadronic uncertainties. The effects of various models of new physics on these asymmetries are considered. It is found that multi-Higgs models without spontaneous CP violation, minimal supersymmetric models and left-right symmetric models have no effect on the CP asymmetries. On the other hand, the standard model predictions may be modified in the following models: four-generation models, non-minimal supersymmetric models, the three Higgs-doublet model, models with Z-mediated flavor changing neutral currents, and real superweak models

[en] We have performed a comprehensive analysis of the limits on mixings between ordinary fermions and possible heavy exotic fermions. All exotic fermions which do not have non-standard color or charge assignments have been considered. A general formalism for describing such mixings is given. It is shown that a variety of constraints, including the relation between the W and Z masses and the Fermi constant, charged current universality, and flavor-diagonal neutral currents suffice to limit all directions in parameter space that are not excluded by the absence of flavor-changing neutral currents. The mixing between light and heavy neutrinos can also induce lepton number violation - even if the light neutrinos are massless - because the states actually produced in weak interaction processes are not orthogonal. We discuss the phenomenological effects of this non-orthogonality for neutrino oscillation experiments, constraints from universality, and neutrinoless double beta decay. We also consider the implications of the mixing limits on the mass scales of heavy exotic neutrinos

[en] The changing angiographic appearance of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) illustrated hemodynamic changes that can occur following subarachnoid hemorrhage and antifibrinolytic therapy. Decreased size of this lesion suggested thrombosis of the AVM. This appearance actually represented a transient, vasospastic phenomenon which reversed with time. Although the AVM underwent significant changes acutely, little changed in the long term. (orig.)

[en] Recently, a scenario has been proposed in which the gravitational scale could be as low as the TeV scale, and extra dimensions could be large and detectable at the electroweak scale. Although supersymmetry is not a requirement of this scenario, it is nevertheless true that its best-motivated realizations arise in supersymmetric theories (such as M theory). We argue here that supersymmetry can have robust, and in some instances fatal, implications for the expected experimental signature for TeV-scale gravity. The signature of the supersymmetric version of the scenario differs most dramatically from what has been considered in the literature because mass splittings within the gravity supermultiplet in these models are extremely small, implying in particular the existence of a very light spin-one superpartner for the graviton. We compute the implications of this graviphoton, and show that it can acquire dimension-four couplings to ordinary matter which can strongly conflict with supernova bounds

[en] The results of a comprehensive analysis of the limits on mixings between ordinary fermions and possible heavy fermions with exotic SU(2) x U(1) assignments (e.g., left-handed singlets and/or right-handed doublets) are presented. A general formalism for describing such mixings is given. It is shown that a variety of constraints, including the relation between the W and Z masses and the Fermi constant, charged-current universality, limits on induced right-handed charged currents, and flavor-diagonal neutral currents suffice to limit all directions in parameter space that are not excluded by the absence of flavor-changing neutral currents. Limits on s², the square of the mixing between ordinary and exotic fermions, are quite stringent for the ν/sub μ//sub L/, μ/sub L/^-, u/sub L/, and d/sub L/ (s²≤0.002--0.005) if only one particle is allowed to mix at a time, but are weaker by an order of magnitude if fine-tuned cancellations between different mixings are allowed. Similar statements apply to quark mixings with heavy sequential doublets. Limits on s² for the other light fermions (ν/sub e//sub L/, e/sub L/^-,e/sub R/^-,μ/sub R/^-, u/sub R/,d/sub R/) are in the range 0.02--0.06, while those for the s, c, b, ν/sub tau/, and tau^- are considerably weaker. Slightly stronger limits are found in specific models (e.g., E₆). Implications for the masses of the heavy exotic fermions are discussed