[en] Particle-beam characterizations of a multi (7)-GeV storage ring beam have been done for the first time using a synchroscan and dual-sweep x-ray streak camera at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The hard x-rays (2-20 keV) from a bending magnet source were imaged using an adjustable pinhole aperture, and both the horizontal size, σ_x ∼190 microm, and bunch length, σ_t ∼28 ps, were measured simultaneously. The Au photocathode provides sensitivity from 10 eV to 10 keV covering the three orders of magnitude in wavelength from the UV to hard x-rays

[en] The particle-beam imaging diagnostics for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) injector lime have been enhanced by the installation of optical transition radiation (OTR) screens and the use of Ce-doped YAG crystals as beam profile monitors. Both converters have improved spatial resolution and time responses compared to the standard Chromox (Al₂O₃:Cr) screens used elsewhere in the linac. These enhancements allow us to address the smaller beam sizes (< 100 microm) and the critical micropulse bunch length of higher brightness gun sources For the Linac macropulse of 30-ns duration composed of 86 micropulses at S-band frequency intervals, only the OTR mechanism is prompt enough to separate individual micropulses and to allow streak camera measurements of the micropulse averaged bunch length. Tests have been performed at 400 to 625 MeV using the gated DC thermionic gun source. Beam sizes less than σ_x = 30 microm have been observed with a micropulse bunch length of σ = 2-3 ps using OTR. First results on the lower-emittance rf thermionic gun are briefly discussed

[en] The Advanced Photon Source (APS) injector includes an S-band linac with the capability to accelerate beams to 650 MeV. The linac has recently been upgraded with the installation of an rf thermionic gun in addition to the standard DC thermionic gun. The rf gun is predicted to have lower emittance (5πmm mrad) and may be used to support the APS self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) experiments. The critical characterization of this gun's beam has begun with a beam diagnostics station at the end of the linac that can address beam transverse size, emittance, and bunch length (peak current). This station uses both an optical transition radiation (OTR) screen at 45 degree to the beam direction and a Ce-doped YAG single crystal normal to the beam with a 45 degree mirror behind it. The visible light images are detected by a Vicon CCD camera and a Hamamatsu C5680 synchroscan streak camera. Spatial resolution of about 30 microm (σ) and temporal resolution of 1 ps (σ) have been demonstrated. Examples of rf gun beam characterization at 220 MeV are reported

[en] An overview of particle and photon beam bunch length measurements is presented in the context of free-electron laser (FEL) challenges. Particle-beam peak current is a critical factor in obtaining adequate FEL gain for both oscillators and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) devices. Since measurement of charge is a standard measurement, the bunch length becomes the key issue for ultrashort bunches. Both time-domain and frequency-domain techniques are presented in the context of using electromagnetic radiation over eight orders of magnitude in wavelength. In addition, the measurement of microbunching in a micropulse is addressed

[en] The x-ray pinhole camera diagnostics on the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring have recorded an effective transverse beam size instability during operations with a sextuplet plus 22 singlets fill pattern. These instabilities were not observed with the sextuplet plus 25 triplets fill pattern that has been the standard fill pattern in FY'98. The instability threshold is at 82-85 mA with positrons. The features include an increased average (few seconds) transverse size both horizontally and vertically for stored currents above the threshold with a correlated effect on the beam lifetime. The horizontal transverse emittance is 25-30% larger at 100 mA than below the threshold. There is a related horizontal beam centroid motion as well, but this does not explain the vertical size change nor the lifetime effect. Complementary data were also taken with the diagnostic undulator, and a similar threshold effect on divergence was observed. The cross-comparison of the data and possible mechanisms is presented

[en] Selected optical diagnostics stations were upgraded in anticipation of low-emittance, bright electron beams from a thermionic rf gun or a photoelectric rf gun on the Advanced Photon Source (APS) injector linac. These upgrades include installation of optical transition radiation (OTR) screens, transport lines, and cameras for use in transverse beam size measurements and longitudinal profile measurements. Using beam from the standard thermionic gun, tests were done at 50 MeV and 400 to 650 MeV. Data were obtained on the limiting spatial (σ∼200 microm) and temporal resolution (300 ms) of the Chromox (Al₂O₃ : Cr) screen (250-micron thick) in comparison to the OTR screens. Both charge-coupled device (CCD) and charge-injection device (CID) video cameras were used as well as the Hamamatsu C5680 synchroscan streak camera operating at a vertical deflection rate of 119.0 MHz (the 24th subharmonic of the S-band 2856-MHz frequency). Beam transverse sizes as small as σ_x = 60 microm for a 600-MeV beam and micropulse bunch lengths of σ_τ<3 ps have been recorded for macropulse-averaged behavior with charges of about 2 to 3 nC per macropulse. These techniques are applicable to linac-driven, fourth-generation light source R and D experiments including the APS's SASE FEL experiment

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[en] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) is developing optical transition radiation (OTR) detectors for beam diagnostics for their 120-GeV proton and antiproton transfer lines. As part of a collaboration to enhance the luminosity for the FNAL collider RUN II program, the quality of the proton and antiproton beams, as they are transported from the main injector (MI) to the Tevatron, will be characterized using OTR imaging techniques. A prototype detector in air has already successfully acquired OTR images of 120-GeV protons upstream of the antiproton production target. This result demonstrates that (i) the Ti and Al thin foil screens survive the 5x1012 proton beam spills, (ii) OTR is sufficient to image lower intensity antiproton beams, and (iii) the images provide two-dimensional information and higher resolution than the present multi-wire profile monitors in the transport lines. Beam bombardment effects on the Al screen and radiation effects on the lenses, filters and cameras have been evaluated for the prototype system for over 1x1019 120-GeV protons and will also be presented. An in-vacuum OTR station is being designed for the transport lines with adjustments to the optical components as warranted by the beam characteristics and anticipated radiation environment