[en] Objective: To evaluate the release characteristics of cisplatin gelatin microsphere (CGM) in experimental dogs by the analysis of different administration methods of cisplatin. Methods: CGM was injected into the external carotid artery of dogs by selective artery catheterization for embolization under the supervision of X-ray. Cisplatin solution was perfused into the external carotid artery or infused into femoral vein as control. Blood samples were tested at different times and analyzed statistically. The embolized tissue was investigated histologically. Results: A transient higher blood drug concentration (BDC) was produced by artery perfusion but a longer time of BDC maintenance was achieved through venous infusion. There was no significant difference shown between the concentrations in systemic and local circulations. Small dosage of CGM through artery embolization could produce a high BDC level for a longer period in the local region. Conclusions: External carotid artery embolization with CGM could significantly reduce the circulatory drug level and application dosage achieving the purpose of targeted tumor therapy. (authors)

[en] The effect of copper content on the microstructure and properties of Phosphorus Cast Iron for the anode of aluminum electrolyzer is studied in this paper. After adding 0.41–1.52 wt.% Cu in Phosphorus Cast Iron and heated at 800 °C for 24 h, the matrix microstructure of samples is ferrite, and the graphite and phosphorus eutectic are refined. The impact toughness increases from 0.69 to 0.81 J/cm². The bulky sheet graphite can increase scattering probability of electron which will increase the electrical resistivity of cast iron. The resistivity of samples with 0.41–1.52 wt.% Cu (9.21 × 10⁻⁷–9.77 × 10⁻⁷ Ω m) is evidently lower than that of sample without Cu (1.12 × 10⁻⁶ Ω m). The resistivity increases initially and then decreases with increasing Cu content. The average thermal expansion coefficients between 20 and 800 °C of samples with 0.41–1.52 wt.% Cu are changed in 14.03 × 10⁻⁶–15.15 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ [slightly larger than that of sample without Cu (13.72 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹)]. The high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance are also improved with the addition of Cu.

[en] A butterfly-shaped benzothiazole derivative, bis-2,6-dibenzothiazolylphenol (2), was synthesized via 4-methylene bridging two 2,6-dibenzothiazolylphenol (1) molecules, and the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescence of 1 and 2 were comparably investigated by steady-state spectroscopic experiments with the aid of theoretical simulations for structure and energy. It was found that 2 showed similar ESIPT emissions to those of 1 in solution and solid states, but the ESIPT fluorescence quantum yield was substantially amplified in the case of the more ‘integrated’ 2. In both tetrahydrofuran (THF) and CHCl₃ solvents, ESIPT occurred and orange emissions at 580–590 nm from keto tautomers were observed, where the absolute fluorescence quantum yield was measured to be 0.28 and 0.41 for 1, as well as 0.41 and 0.59 for 2, respectively. In the solid state, 2 showed an ESIPT emission at 570 nm with an absolute fluorescence quantum yield of 0.38, which is substantially shorter and larger than the corresponding values of 1 (592 nm and 0.26) respectively. Furthermore, both 2 and 1 showed strongly blue-shifted green emissions around 520 nm from the deprotonated anion species in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). A similar blue-shifted green emission was also found with the addition of fluoride in the THF solution of 2 or 1, suggesting that the competitive deprotonation makes the ESIPT impossible. (paper)

[en] Dissolved sulfide, iron (Fe), and phosphorus (P) in a mudflat (Jiaozhou Bay, China) impacted by shellfish aquaculture were measured in situ by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. A combination of porewater and solid-phase chemistry was used to characterize the interplays of Fe and S, and their control on P mobilization. Below the subsurface layer, two times higher fluxes (F_DGT) of dissolved Fe²⁺ from porewater to the DGT device than those of dissolved sulfide indicate that dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) dominates over sulfate reduction (SR). Spatial coupling of dissolved Fe²⁺ and P points to P release driven mainly by reductive dissolution of Fe. Much higher F_DGT values of dissolved Fe²⁺ relative to dissolved P imply that oxidative regeneration of Fe oxides at the sediment–water interfaces (SWIs) of the transitional mudflat serves as an effective “iron curtain” of upward diffusing P. In the mudflat sediments of DIR prevalence, the accumulation of total reduced inorganic sulfur (TRIS) is dampened, which can largely ascribed to enhanced oxidative loss of sulfide and/or limited availability of degradable organic carbon in the dynamic regimes. Low dissolved sulfide concentrations in the sediments leave the majority of reactive Fe unsulfidized and thus abundantly available to buffer newly produced sulfide.

[en] Highlights: • Availability of labile organic carbon is driving factor of sulfate reduction. • Labile iron is low in the sediment due to iron-poor nature of source materials. • Human perturbations have no significant impact on sulfur and iron diagenesis. • The Yellow River estuary exerts important influences on sulfur cycling. Natural processes and human activities exert important impacts on elemental cycling in coastal sediments, which has not been well documented. Sediments in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea were investigated to assess the impacts of the Yellow River inputs and/or anthropogenic perturbations on diagenesis of iron and sulfur. Labile iron (0.5 M HCl-extractable iron) in the sediments is low due to iron-poor nature of source materials. Dynamic regimes and low availability of labile organic carbon (OC) result in relatively low sulfide contents in deltaic sediments. However, low but continuous supply of labile OC exported from an anthropogenically impacted bay could substantially elevate sulfide burial in sediments near the bay. Neither offshore oil exploitations nor frequent algal blooms in the seas have detectable influences on iron and sulfur diagenesis in the sediments. The sediments are capable of quickly consuming porewater sulfide by reaction with reactive iron under the current conditions.