[en] The focal properties of three-element electrostatic electron lenses were calculated using the SIMION program. It was a new method of verifying experimentally and theoretically obtained characteristics of three-element lenses. Calculations have included both the single electron trajectory simulation and the electron beam simulation. A good agreement with experimental and theoretical results was achieved. (author)

[en] We report spectroscopic study of the laser induced indium plasma produced in air by using a Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. A streak camera coupled to a spectrograph is used to record optical plasma emission. Plasma parameters (excitation temperature and electron density) characterizing the laser induced plasma are determined using the time-resolved analysis of the emission spectra. Indium plays an important role in electronic devices and LCD displays. However, indium is one of the rare elements. There are strong needs for recovery and recycling of rare materials from the used products and waste in the world. We present time-resolved laser induced breakdown spectra of atomic (In I) and ionic (In II) indium lines and other elements contained in the LCD displays, recorded using the fast streak camera, in different time ranges (from 500 ns to 20 μs). The study of indium lines showed in this paper could be useful for detecting indium and other elements in electronic waste for the purpose of recycling. Our LIBS measurements are applicable for any multielemental analysis in environmental physics, food quality control and ecology.

[en] We present recent results on elastic and inelastic low/medium energy electron interaction with tetrahydrofuran, C₄H₈O, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, C₅H₁₀O₂ and 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, C₄H₈O₂ molecules in gaseous phase. A comparative study of both absolute differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering and electron energy loss spectra, in a wide incident electron energy range from 50 to 300 eV, has been given. The measurements of the cross sections were performed both as a function of scattering angle and incident electron energy and normalized to the absolute scale according to relative flow measurements and reliable calculations. The experimental elastic DCSs are compared with the most recent theoretical results. Both for elastic and inelastic scattering a special attention has been paid to investigate potential differences in electron scattering processes upon substitution of one of the H-atom in tetrahydrofuran by the OH group (in 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran) or CH₂OH group (in tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol)

[en] The position of the critical minimum in elastic electron-krypton scattering at intermediate electron energies was investigated. Differential cross sections (DCSs) were measured as a function of both incident electron energy (100-260 eV) and scattering angle (30-110⁰), in small steps around the critical minimum. The energy dependence of the angular positions of DCS minima were determined. Also, the positions of minima in energy-dependent DCSs were obtained at several fixed scattering angles close to the critical value. The position of the critical minimum was determined to be at 187.9 ± 0.5 eV and 83.0⁰ ± 0.2⁰. However, the strong dependence of critical energy on small changes of critical angle was found. The obtained results are compared with the most recent theoretical calculations

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[en] Studies of higher excited states of some polyatomic molecules relevant for plasma physics and environment have been presented. Spectra of chlorofluorocarbons are discussed together with their influence on ozone layer depletion and global warming. Tetrahydrofuran molecule was studied by photoabsorption and electron energy loss spectroscopy while the states are assigned following extensive ab initio calculations. Nitrous oxide and hydrogen sulphide spectra are discussed in terms of identifying valence and Rydberg character of excited states.

[en] Differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron-impact excitation of the 3s3p ³P state of magnesium from the ground state have been measured at incident electron energies of 10, 15, 20, 40 and 60 eV. The energy-loss (ΔE = 0-5 eV) spectra have been recorded at separate scattering angles (θ) up to 150⁰. The absolute DCSs were determined by using (3s3p ³P)-to-resonance (3s3p ¹P) intensity ratios and the reported DCSs of the resonance state (Filipovic et al 2006a J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 2583; Filipovic et al 2006b Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 251 66). The absolute DCSs of the 3s3p ³P state were extrapolated to θ = 0⁰ and 180⁰ and then integrated to obtain integral cross sections. The results have been analysed and compared with available experimental data and theoretical calculations.

[en] In this paper we study the possibility of using the synthesized nanopowder samples of Gd₂Zr₂O₇:Eu³⁺ for temperature measurements by analyzing the temperature effects on its photoluminescence. The nanopowder was prepared by solution combustion synthesis method. The photoluminescence spectra used for analysis of Gd₂Zr₂O₇:Eu³⁺ nano phosphor optical emission temperature dependence were acquired using continuous laser diode excitation at 405 nm. The temperature dependencies of line emission intensities of transitions from ⁵D₀ and ⁵D₁ energy levels to the ground state were analyzed. Based on this analysis we use the two lines intensity ratio method for temperature sensing. Our results show that the synthesized material can be efficiently used as thermographic phosphor up to 650 K.

[en] In this study we analyze nano powder Gd₂O₃ doped with Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺. Material was synthesized by simple and efficient solution combustion method. The nano phosphor was optically excited at 980 nm by using pulsed laser diode. We have obtained time resolved upconversion luminescence spectra of nano powder samples of Gd₂O₃:Er,Yb using a streak camera and analyzed temperature dependence of erbium optical line emission intensities. The possibilities of using Gd₂O₃:Er,Yb for temperature sensing were analyzed by means of luminescence intensity ratio method. We show that synthesized Gd₂O₃:Er,Yb material is useful for temperature measurements up to 550 K.