[en] The radioactive isotope sulfur-35 is an ideal tracer of sulfur emissions from anthropogenic sources because it would undergo the same chemical transformations in the atmosphere as the more common isotopes of sulfur, and further it has a very low natural-background concentration. A conceptual experiment using a simple transport model shows that for continual releases over a year and requiring detection at 1000 km, a source strength of about 180 curies per week is necessary. Calculations using a wind rose Gaussian plume model indicated that the air concentrations near the release point would be below Federal minimum values set for protection of the public safety. Production of the isotope is within existing technology although material costs could run as high as one million dollars for a full years release. Sampling and detection methods would require state-of-the-art technology with an investment of about one half the material costs. The general conclusion is that such a tracer experiment is technically feasible. Public perception was not considered in the study and a major effort of public education would be necessary before such an experiment could be carried out. An analysis of the possibility of using the stable isotopes Sulfur-34 and Sulfur-36 would require the development of new very expensive and specialized technology. Thus the use of stable isotopes was not considered to be feasible at the present time

[en] High transverse momentum measurements are sensitive to the passages of fast partons through the hot and dense medium created during the collisions and can be used to investigate the physical processes resulting in energy loss as well as other properties of the medium. In these proceedings, we review a selection of recent measurements made at high p_T with the PHENIX detector and discuss the implications on energy loss mechanisms on fast partons in the collisions of large nuclei

[en] The wide-range conductivity model of Lee and More is modified to allow better agreement with recent experimental data and theories for dense plasmas in the metal-insulator transition regime. Modifications primarily include a new ionization equilibrium model, consisting of a smooth blend between single ionization Saha (with a pressure ionization correction) and the generic Thomas-Fermi ionization equilibrium, a more accurate treatment of electron-neutral collisions using a polarization potential, and an empirical modification to the minimum allowed collision time. These simple modifications to the Lee-More algorithm permit a more accurate modeling of the physics near the metal-insulator transition, while preserving the generic Lee-More results elsewhere

[en] Cadmium is a heavy metal of considerable environmental and occupational concern. Cadmium compounds are classified as human carcinogens by several regulatory agencies. The most convincing data that cadmium is carcinogenic in humans comes from studies indicating occupational cadmium exposure is associated with lung cancer. Cadmium exposure has also been linked to human prostate and renal cancer, although this linkage is weaker than for lung cancer. Other target sites of cadmium carcinogenesis in humans, such as liver, pancreas and stomach, are considered equivocal. In animals, cadmium effectively induces cancers at multiple sites and by various routes. Cadmium inhalation in rats induces pulmonary adenocarcinomas, in accord with its role in human lung cancer. Cadmium can induce tumors and/or preneoplastic lesions within the rat prostate after ingestion or injection. At relatively high doses, cadmium induces benign testicular tumors in rats, but these appear to be due to early toxic lesions and loss of testicular function, rather than from a specific carcinogenic effect of cadmium. Like many other metals, cadmium salts will induce mesenchymal tumors at the site of subcutaneous (s.c.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injections, but the human relevance of these is dubious. Other targets of cadmium in rodents include the liver, adrenal, pancreas, pituitary, and hematopoietic system. With the exception of testicular tumors in rodents, the mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis are poorly defined. Cadmium can cause any number of molecular lesions that would be relevant to oncogenesis in various cellular model systems. Most studies indicate cadmium is poorly mutagenic and probably acts through indirect or epigenetic mechanisms, potentially including aberrant activation of oncogenes and suppression of apoptosis

[en] Purpose: Previous studies from our laboratory have suggested that pooling of ammonium in tumor tissues may be caused by its inefficient removal due to the poor vasculature commonly found in tumors. The purpose of these experiments was to validate the relationship between tumor ammonium ion concentration and tumor blood flow, and to determine whether large concentrations of ammonium ion detected by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are either produced within the tumor or simply imported into the tumor through the blood stream. Methods and Materials: To test this hypothesis, we reduced blood flow in subcutaneously grown Radiation Induced Fibrosarcoma-1 (RIF-1) tumors, either by creating partial ischemia with a bolus injection of hydralazine or by occlusion with surgical sutures. ¹⁴N and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy were used to detect the presence of ammonium, and to assess the bioenergetic status of the tumors, respectively. Results: A correlation between ammonium ion concentration and (PCr(P_i)) ratio was established for untreated tumors. An increase in the in vivo tumor ammonium ion concentration was observed for every tumor that experienced a reduction in blood flow caused by either hydralazine injection or suture ligation. Changes in ammonium ion concentration paralleled changes in the bioenergetics of hydralazine-treated tumors. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that a reduction in tumor blood flow is responsible for the accumulation of ammonium in tumors, and that detected ammonium originated from within the tumor

[en] The cross section for WW production is measured and limits on anomalous WWγ and WWZ trilinear gauge couplings are set using WW → ee/eμ/μμ events collected by the Run II D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to 1 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity at √s = 1.96 TeV. Across the three final states, 108 candidate events are observed with 40.8 ± 3.8 total background expected, consistent with σ(p(bar p) → WW) = 11.6 ± 1.8(stat) ± 0.7(syst) ± 0.7(lumi) pb. Using a set of SU(2)_L (direct_product) U(1)_Y conserving constraints, the one-dimensional 95% C.L. limits on trilinear gauge couplings are -0.63 < Δκ_γ < 0.99, -0.15 < λ_γ < 0.19, and -0.14 < Δg₁^Z < 0.34

[en] A study, based on a literature review, was performed to examine currently recommended meteorological measurement programs and diffusion prediction methods for nuclear power plants to determine their adequacy for plants located in coastal zones. Although procedures for handling the near worst case (stable, light wind situation) were judged adequately conservative, deficiencies in guidelines and procedures were found with respect to the following: failure to consider the role of coastal internal boundary layers, specifications for tower locations and instrument heights, methods of classifying atmospheric stability, methods of allowing credit for plume meander and models specified for diffusion calculations. Recommendations were made for changes in the guidelines applicable to these topics. Areas in which additional research is needed were identified

[en] The anodic behavior of polycrystalline epsilon-(Ag, Cd) subjected to low current densities can be quantitatively interpreted from chronoammeter experiments and x-ray analysis of the electrode surface. Voltage outputs from the reversible potential range of the epsilon-phase lead to diffusion polarization in the metal which, in the case of quenched specimens with small grain sizes, indicates the predominance of grain boundary diffusion. Superposed voltages in the range of the γ'-phase entail an epsilon → γ'-phase change. In the solvent DMSO the nucleation of γ' is retarded such that an epsilon-phase supersaturated with Ag results in the first time stage. A 2-phase diffusion law is successfully applied. Diffusion coefficients for volume and grain boundary diffusion in epsilon-(Ag, Cd) and the respective activation energies are given

[en] This report summarizes the objectives, tasks, and accomplishments of the Tucannon River spring chinook captive brood program from program inception (1997) through April 2001. The WDFW initiated a captive broodstock program in 1997. The overall goal of the Tucannon River captive broodstock program is for the short-term, and eventually long-term, rebuilding of the Tucannon River spring chinook salmon run, with the hope that natural production will eventually sustain itself. The project goal is to rear captive salmon to adults, spawn them, rear their progeny, and release approximately 150,000 smolts annually into the Tucannon River between 2003-2007. These smolt releases, in combination with the current hatchery supplementation program (132,000 smolts), and wild production, is expected to produce 600-700 returning adult spring chinook to the Tucannon River each year from 2005-2010. The Master Plan, Environmental Assessment, and most facility modifications at LFH were completed for the Tucannon River spring chinook captive broodstock program during FY2000 and FY2001. DNA samples collected since 1997 have been sent to the WDFW genetics lab in Olympia for baseline DNA analysis. Results from the genetic analysis are not available at this time. The captive broodstock program is planned to collect fish from five (1997-2001) brood years (BY). The captive broodstock program was initiated with 1997 BY juveniles, and the 2000 BY fish have been selected. As of April 30, 2001, WDFW has 172 BY 1997, 262 BY 1998, 407 BY 1999, and approximately 1,190 BY 2000 fish on hand at LFH. Twelve of 13 mature 97 BY females were spawned in 2000. Total eggtake was 14,813. Mean fecundity was 1,298 eggs/female based on 11 fully spawned females. Egg survival to eye-up was 47.3%. This low survival was expected for three year old captive broodstock females. As of April 30, 2001, WDFW has 4,211 captive broodstock progeny on hand. These fish will be tagged with blank wire tag without fin clips and released as smolts from Curl Lake Acclimation Pond into the Tucannon River during April 2002

No abstract available