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No abstract available

[en] If the recently reported 0.5 ms period pulsed optical signal from SN 1987A is associated with a young neutron star, then a new important constraint on stable neutron star solutions of gravitational theories and the equations of state has been found. The very rapid pulsar period would imply that according to Einstein's gravitational theory (EGT), the neutron star is rotating with an angular velocity that is larger than the break-up angular velocity, which would cause an unrealistic constraint on the equation of state of nonexotic nuclear matter. It is shown that the break-up speed of a neutron star in the nonsymmetric gravitational theory (NGT) can be significantly larger than in EGT and allow for conventional realistic nuclear equations of state. 12 refs

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[en] The local Lorentz and diffeomorphism symmetries of Einstein's gravitational theory are spontaneously broken by a Higgs mechanism by invoking a phase transition in the early universe, at a critical temperature T_c below which the symmetry is restored. The spontaneous breakdown of the vacuum state generates an external time, and the wave function of the universe satisfies a time-dependent Schroedinger equation, which reduces to the Wheeler-deWitt equation in the classical regime for T< T_c, allowing a semiclassical WKB approximation to the wave function. The conservation of energy is spontaneously violated for T>T_c, and matter is created fractions of seconds after the big bang, generating the matter in the Universe. The time direction of the vacuum expectation value of the scalar Higgs field generates a time asymmetry, which defines the cosmological arrow of time and the direction of increasing entropy as the Lorentz symmetry is restored at low temperatures. 52 refs

[en] An extended electroweak model based on SU(2) X U(1) X U(1) can describe the monojet events observed at UAl, since a decay Z⁰→lambda⁰h⁰ occurs where lambda⁰ is a pseudoscalar Higgs meson with mass msub(lambda) approximately 4 GeV, while h⁰ is a light scalar meson with mass msub(h) approximately 0.2 - 0.3 GeV that escapes the detector and describes the missing energy

[en] Much progress has been made in unifying strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions using gauge theories. However the unification of these interactions with space-time still remains to be understood. One difficulty has been the ongoing problem of how to satisfactorily combine gravity and quantum theory to produce a finite perturbation theory of gravitational interactions. The author discusses the renewed interest in the extended Kaluza-Klein theory. (Auth.)

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[en] We use recent electroproduction and muoproduction deep-inelastic scattering data to determine the subtraction and inelastic contributions to the proton-neutron mass difference, obtained from Cottingham's formula. Adding the Born term, we predict the approximate result ΔM sup(p-n) -1.02 +- 0.66 MeV. We find that the moment behaviour of the structure functons in QCD must mimic a power law form in order that the Cottingham fomula converge, even though it is renormalizable in this theory. (author)

[en] This paper reports on a unified electroweak theory that is formulated using non-local field theory without including a Higgs particle. The W and Z gauge boson masses are induced from one-loop vacuum polarization graphs and the non-local weak scale is determined by the W boson mass and the Fermi constant to be Λ_w = 424 GeV. The tree graphs for the gauge bosons are identical to those of the standard local electroweak theory, so any violation of locality occurs only at the quantum level for the finite loop graphs. The fermion masses are obtained from a four- Fermi interaction with a spontaneously broken vacuum based on the fermion condensate left-angle bar Ψ ^LΨ^R right-angle ₀ ≠ 0. The problem of severe fine tuning for the quark condensates in the standard local point field theory is avoided in our nonlocal field theory. The theory contains only the known particle spectrum of leptons, quarks, the anticipated top quark, the W and Z gauge bosons and the photon. The quark condensates could generate a spectrum of heavy vector bound states at an energy scale ∼1 --2 TeV