[en] The purpose of thr paper is to investigate behaviour of some materials with a small atomic number Z (graphite MPG-8, carbodevitrified glass USB-15, glass graphite, pyrolitic boron nitride BN) both under powerful thermal effect on them and under conditions of interaction with the T-3M tokamak plasma. A simple model for material heating and evaporation from the solid phase is suggested. The results of the calculation well describe erosion of samples under laser radiation. Erosion of NB limiter in the T-3M tokamak plasma is considered as an example of limiter erosion in the tokamak under the effect of a powerful heat flux. Thermal heating associated with accelerated (100 keV) and ''subthermal'' (10-20 keV) electrons is the main reason for erosion of BN dielectric limiter. Use of BN dielectric on the ''ionic'' side of the limiter does not result in noticeable deterioration of the discharge in the tokamak and excludes arc formation on it. Use of BN on the //electron// side of the limiter is possible after measures excluding fast (non-thermal) electron generation

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[en] The investigation of the spectral and amplitude characteristics of the X-ray radiation of the plasma focus facility PF-3 (W_max = 2.8 MJ) has been done. A diagnostics set for X-ray measurements is described. The total energy radiated from the pinch in the spectral range 0.4 / 1.5 keV at the stored energy up to 1 MJ is approx 10 kJ. Registration of the X-ray radiation spectral structure in the Ne-discharge within the long wavelength spectrum part (approx 100 / 300 eV) have been first done at PF-3-facility. Conclusion about necessity to take into account this spectral range in the total balance of radiation energy has been done

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[en] A simple model is proposed for the heating and evaporation of materials from the solid phase. The results of the calculation give a good description of the erosion of samples by laser radiation. The erosion of a pyrolytic boron nitride diaphragm subjected to an intense heating flux in the plasma of the T-3M tokamak is considered as an example

[en] The new approaches developed recently in the plasma focus (PF) system studies make the efforts in the PF-optimization, as a current generator, and in the transportation of a current to the axis zone to be urgent. The PF-3-facility design description in detail and its main electrical engineering characteristics are given first in the paper, as well as the results of studying the dynamics of a plasma current sheath by optical techniques (electron-optical converters, streak-camera). Some techniques of the liner loading deliveries into the current sheath compression zone, providing an opportunity for the multiple replacement of multiwire liners without violation of vacuum conditions, are discussed and the diagnostics set of the PF-3-facility is described. The realized PF-3-facility modernization allows one to perform the experiments with multiwire and other liners at the discharge current amplitude of 3 = 5 MA. (author)

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