[en] An error in surface resistance (R_s) originating from the dielectric loss (tanδ) of the parallel plate dielectric resonator using the two-resonators method is investigated. In the two-resonators method, the error in R_s(ΔR_s) due to the difference in tanδ(Δtanδ) between the TE₀₁₁ and TE_01n mode rods is examined, considering the actual scattering of values of tanδ among sapphire rods. Taking this scattering into account, the projected value of ΔR_s cannot be disregarded for general R_s values (about 0.1 mΩ) of HTS films. As a comparative simulation, the case of a single resonator was also considered where the tanδ is neglected in the estimate of R_s. Due to the uncertainty and complexity in the two-resonators method, this method is not so superior to the single-rod resonator measurement by neglecting tanδ at higher resonance frequency

[en] Advanced-BWR (ABWR) uses total digital control and instrumentation (C and I) system. In particular, ABWR adopts a newly developed safety system using advanced digital technology. In the presentation the digital safety system design, manufacturing and factory validation test method are shortly overviewed. The digital safety system consists of micro-processor based digital controllers, data and information transmission by optical fibers and human-machine interface using color flat displays. This new developed safety system meet the nuclear safety requirements such as high reliability, independence of divisions, operability and maintainability. (2 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.)

[en] Alpha adrenoceptor subtypes have been investigated by radioligand binding study in guinea-pig stomach using ³H-prazosin and ³H-yohimbine. The specific ³H-prazosin binding to guinea-pig stomach was saturable and of high affinity with a Bmax of 33 fmol/mg protein. Specific ³H-yohimbine binding to the tissue was also saturable and of high affinity with a Bmax of 150 fmol/mg protein. Adrenergic drugs competed for ³H-prazosin binding in order of prazosin > phentolamine > methoxamine > norepinephrine > clonidine > epinephrine > yohimbine. These drugs competed for ³H-yohimbine binding in order of yohimbine > phentolamine > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > prazosin > methoxamine. They also examined whether dopamine receptors exist in guinea-pig stomach, using radioligand binding study. Specific binding of ³H-spiperone, ³H-apomorphine, ³H-dopamine and ³H-domperidone was not detectable in the stomach. Dopaminergic drugs such as dopamine, haloperidol, domperidone and sulpiride competed for ³H-prazosin binding in order of haloperidol > domperidone > dopamine > sulpiride. Metoclopramide, sulpiride and dopamine competed for ³H-yohimbine binding in order of metoclopramide > sulpiride > dopamine

[en] The anodic oxidation of neodymium was investigated by the galvanostatic technique in Na₂HPO₄-ethylene glycol solution. From the combination of measurements of ac capacity and of specular reflectivity, a refractive index was obtained for the oxide films as a function of wavelength and the value of apparent dielectric constant of the films for which sesquioxide Nd₂O₃ was assumed to have been produced. It was found that the film thickness could be determined from the wavelength of both maximum and minimum specular reflectivities due to interference, and that a linear relationship existed between the film thickness and the formation voltage. The slope of this linear line was 10.0 A V^-1 or a mean field of 1.00 x 10⁷ V cm^-1 at 1 mA cm^-2. The apparent current efficiency estimated from the thickness of the film vs passed charge plots scarcely depended on the latter and its value was about 0.52, assuming that the film composition was Nd₂O₃. (author)

[en] α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is a calcium binding protein that also binds Mn(II), lanthanide ions, Al(III), Zn(II), Co(II). The structural implications of cation binding were studied by high-resolution proton (200 MHz) NMR and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) spectroscopy. Marked changes were observed in the NMR spectra of the apoprotein upon addition of a stoichiometric amount of calcium to yield Ca(II)-α-LA, manifested particularly in ring current shifted aliphatic peaks and in several shifts in the aromatic region, all of which were under slow exchange conditions. The CIDNP results showed that two surface-accessible tyrosine residues, assigned as Tyr-18 and -36, became inaccessible to the solvent upon addition of 1:1 Ca(II) to apo-α-lactalbumin, while Tyr-103 and Trp-104 remained completely accessible in both conformers. The proton NMR spectra of apo-α-LA and Al(III)-α-LA were extremely similar, which was also consistent with intrinsic fluorescence results. The paramagnetic cation Mn(II) bound to the strong calcium binding site on apo-α-LA but also to the weak secondary Ca(II) binding site(s) on Ca(II)-α-LA. It was also found that Co(II) bound to some secondary sites on Ca(II)-α-LA that overlapped the weak calcium site. All of the lanthanide shift reagents [Pr(III), Eu(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Tm(III), and Yb(III)] bound under slow exchange conditions; their relative affinities for apo-α-lactalbumin from competitive binding experiments were Dy(III), Tb(III), and Pr(III) > Ca(II) > Yb

[en] The thickness of the soil layers in which tree roots are able to develop freely influences forest composition and growth. Trees growing in shallow soil are usually less well supplied with water and mineral nutrients than those growing in deeper soil. A soil may be deep in an absolute sense but, because of a relatively impervious layer, such as hardpan or because of a high water-table, may be shallow in a physiological sense. Penetrability measurements have been found useful in evaluating the influence of different forest types on the physical properties of soils. Commonly the penetrability of soils can be measured by using the Hasegawa-formed soil penetrometer and can be judged as the soil softness content (SSC). Previous studies report soil with more than 1.9 cm/drop of SSC to be highly permeable and therefore roots are more likely to be extensively developed. Based upon this theory the depth of soil layer with more than 1.9 cm/drop of SSC can be defined as the Effective Depth of Soil Layer (EDSL). We examined the relationship between the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and the EDSL and established a 'Runoff Simulation Model (RSM)' based upon the theory of the Storage Function Model method. The conclusions are that (1) a strong positive correlation between the RVI (ground measured) and the EDSL was given, (2) applying results of conclusion (1) to satellite analysis a similar correlation between the RVI (satellite analysis of JERS 1/OPS data) and the EDSL was observed and (3) the simulated storm-runoff hydro graph coincides with the observed one well

[en] Pulsed-gradient ³¹P NMR was used to measure the diffusion rates of phosphorus compounds in aqueous solution and in living muscles. The diffusion rates of creatine phosphate and inorganic phosphate in intact frog muscle cells were reduced by a factor of approx. 2 from those in aqueous solution, which suggests that the apparent intracellular viscosity is approx. 2 times larger than in aqueous solution

[en] It is well known that the head and torque of pump degrade under two phase flow conditions such as hypothetical loss of coolant accident in nuclear reactor and pumping gaseous oil from deep wells. As to such a pump performance, others have reviewed previous test programs and developed an analytical model which incorporates pump geometry, void fraction, flow slippage and flow regime into the basic formula. They also calculated the trajectory of bubbles in a centrifugal pump. Others have also calculated numerically the flow field around a foil under non-slip bubbly flow condition. Nevertheless, the fundamental phenomena in a impeller under two phase condition have not been clarified. In this paper a cascade flow, which is most fundamental phenomenon in turbo-machinery, is calculated numerically under bubbly two phase condition. The governing equations for two phase flow are formulated with emphasis on local density distribution and sound speed distribution caused by the slippage between the bubbles and the surrounding liquid. The numerical results reveal some characteristics of the bubbly blade to blade flow

[en] Practical applications of activated carbon fibers ACFs have been developing not only in environmental technologies, but also electronic ones. ACF has gathered much attention from chemistry and. physics due to the characteristic structures and properties. Kaneko et al have been studying the pore structures, micrographitic structures, adsorptive properties, and physical properties with a variety of techniques, which are published as reviews. ACF shows the semiconductivity due to the conjugated π-electronic structures, which are strongly associated with molecular adsorption properties even in case of physical adsorption. If we can introduce the insulative nature in the carbon frame structure, new adsorptive and physical properties of ACF are expected to stimulate the carbon science and technology. One of such approaches to the electronic structure modification should be the alloying by use of doping foreign atoms. Touhara et al showed that fluorination controls the electronic properties of ACF. The alloying of ACF with fluorination should give a valuable guide for development of a new functioned porous carbon fiber.

[en] In this paper YBCO bulk ceramics pre-heated a low temperature before sintering were studied on the structure and superconducting properties mainly by varying the concentration of Ba/Y ratio. At 15.8-16.2wt% of the oxygen content Oc calculated from the compositions of yttrium, barium and copper on the assumption that the valence of copper is 2 (123) phase is main and critical temperature (Tc) and critical current density (Jc) reach to 88-90K and about 10³ A/cm², respectively. It is presumed that there is a possibility of the existence of oxygen deficient and disordered phase in addition to (123) and (211) phases and BaCuO₂